France

2. France • Seen as Enlightenment Spirit • Volunteers La Fayette • Opportunity to mess with france, recover colonies by backing a proxy opponent • First covert aid- France sold Million pounds worth of munitions through proxy Spanish company to US • Helped save Washington in 1776-7

3. Problems with direct entry • Treaty of Alliance, Feb 6 1778 • End of 1777 France supporting in Navy, Spain, and Dutch supporting undercover • 1779 Spain, 1780 Dutch openly in war • West Indies as battleground, attempted invasion of Jamaica turned away in Battle of Saintes in 1782

4. Sept 1783 Treaty of Paris ended the revolutionary war • France imperial overstretch • Britain imperial overstretch • American Revolution a direct cause of French Revolution • Eventual revolution in New Spain • Use of colonials in all areas

5. 1789 French revolution • Americans wanted independence from British imperial rule, but not British law, keep British culture, etc • French want a new society, new social, political, and cultural structures

6. Three estates • 100,000 Roman Catholic clergy • 400,000 nobles • 24 million serfs and peasants + middle class merchants • Vote by estate, not by individuals. • May 1789 called into session • Reform versus anti-reformers

7. Over taxes and reforms • 17 June 1789 Third Estate proclaims a National Assembly • 14 July 1789 Storm the Bastille, insurrection • Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen August 1789 • Equality • Sovereignty in the people • Individual rights to liberty, property, and security

8. Reconfiguring French Society • 1789-1791 • No more fees and labor services • Church role changed • Constitution

9. Radical turn • April 1792 war on Austria and Prussia • 1793 Britain, Spain, and the Netherlands • 1793 The Convention • Leevee’ en masse • Red Scare • 1793-4