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ADHD Coaching and Self-Determination. . 8 th International Conference on Higher Education and Disability Innsbruck, Austria 25 July 2013 David R. Parker, Ph.D. Children’s Resource Group (CRG) www.childrensresourcegroup.com Dr. Sharon Field & Dr. Alan Hoffman, Wayne State University.
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ADHD Coaching and Self-Determination . 8th International Conference on Higher Education and Disability Innsbruck, Austria 25 July 2013 David R. Parker, Ph.D. Children’s Resource Group (CRG) www.childrensresourcegroup.com Dr. Sharon Field & Dr. Alan Hoffman, Wayne State University
Presentation Outline • Increasing numbers of students with ADHD • Student difficulties • Challenges for professionals • What is coaching? • Coaching and self-determination • Research findings • For more information
Increasing Numbers of Students • Undergraduates with ADHD make up 20% of students who report a disability and 25% of those who seek Disability Services Guthrie (2002) • Disability Services offices (U.S.) report that students with ADHD 2nd largest sub-group Harbour (2004) • 2% - 8% of U.S. undergraduates report ADHD Weyandt & DuPaul, 2006
Student Difficulties • Undergraduates with ADHD earn lower grades and are 5x more likely to be on academic probation Schwanz, Palm, & Brallier (2007); Weyandt & DuPaul (2006) • University students with ADHD more likely to report academic problems, study skills deficits, organizational difficulties, and decreased social functioning Shaw-Zirt, Popali-Lehane, Chaplin, and Bergman (2005) • 78% of U.S. high school graduates enroll in university; only 21% of HS graduates with ADHD do so Barkley (2002)
Challenges for Professionals • Is ADHD a behavioral or a cognitive condition (executive functions)? • Our training as instructors and advice-givers • Students with co-existing psychiatric issues may struggle to make progress • Questions and controversies about medications • Do students with ADHD need testing accommodations or help preparing for tests?
What Is Coaching? Coaches Believe that People Are: - Creative - Resourceful - Whole *wellness model • Coaching Mindset • Coaching Skills/Techniques • Forms of Communication • Edge Coaches’ Areas of Focus: • Scheduling • Goal setting • Confidence building • Organizing • Focusing • Prioritizing • Persisting at tasks
What Is Coaching? • Didactic vs. Inquiry Models • Coaching vs. Therapy Byron, J. & Parker, D.R. (2002). College students with ADHD: New challenges and directions. In L.C. Brinckerhoff, J.M. McGuire, & S.F. Shaw (Eds.). Postsecondary education and transition for students with learning disabilities (2nd ed.).
Coaching and Self-Determination Coaches have two primary goals: 1) Forward the student’s action 2) Deepen the student’s learning Whitworth, L., Kimsey-House, K., Kimsey-House, H., & Sandahl, P. (2007). Co-active coaching: New skills for coaching people toward success in work and life (2nd ed)
Research Findings • Coaching improves students’ self-regulation skills Field et al. (2010); Parker et al. (2011); Swartz et al. (2005) • Coaching improves students’ learning and study skills Field et al. (2010); Parker et al. (2011); Reaser (2008); Swartz et al. (2005); Zwart & Kallemeyn (2001)
Research Findings This self-regulating cycle increased students’ self-confidence and their sense of what Pizzolato (2007) referred to in her discussion of self-authorship as “volitional competence.” - Parker & Boutelle (2009)
For More Information… • Coaching: • International Coach Academy (Japan) http://www.icoachacademy.com/coach-training/where-we-train/japan/ • AADD-UK Coaches http://aadduk.org/help-support/coaches/ • ADHD Europe http://www.adhdeurope.eu/ • Elgiz Henden’s website (Turkey) http://izkocluk.com/ • JST Coaching (Jodi Sleeper-Triplett) http://www.jstcoach.com/ • ACO (ADHD Coaches Organization) http://www.adhdcoaches.org/
For More Information… • Self-determination: • Initiative for Self-Determination and Transition (Wayne State University) www.coe.wayne.edu/selfdetermination • Self-Determination Synthesis Project (University of North Carolina at Charlotte) http://sdsp.uncc.edu/home.asp • Self-Determination Theory (University of Rochester) www.psych.rochester.edu/SDT/ • Sharon Field’s website on self-determination (coming soon!) www.beselfdetermined.com • Teaching Self-Determination Skills (National Secondary Transition Technical Assistance Center) www.nsttac.org/ebp/teachingselfdeterminationskillsgp.aspx • Zarrow Center for Learning Enrichment (Self-Determination) www.ou.edu/content/education/centers-and- partnerships/zarrow.htm