DOI update on progress Norman Paskin DOIs and journal publishing Ed Pentz, CrossRef

1. DOI implementations doi> • DOI update on progress Norman Paskin • DOIs and journal publishing Ed Pentz, CrossRef • DOIs and book publishing David Sidman, CDI • [DOIs and non-English language publishing] see Enpia Systems stand 1.1 L 1105 • DOIs and learning objects John Purcell, LON • DOIs and rights management Norman Paskin • Summary, Q&A

2. Rights management through Digital Objects Norman Paskin The International DOI Foundation doi>

3. Applying DOI to Rights Management doi> • Last year we were investigating "DOI-R" • Sub rights activity: ONIX • DOIs can be used for more than just sub-rights • The original aim of DOI: rights management • "Digital objects provide a means of organizing and identifying content for purposes of storage, access or distribution… …metadata may include restrictions on access to digital objects, notices of ownership, and licensing agreements…" (www.xiwt.org/documents/ManagAccess.html)

5. Rights management through Digital Objects • Trading intellectual property (rights management) requires representations • Just like trading physical property • Structured representations: digital objects Structured representations for Rights transactions need consistent interoperable pieces of "metadata" •  Using representations in rights transactions needs a consistent dictionary of defined terms and their relationships • Now being built (indecs 2)

6. Representations are what is traded doi> • Physical property: • representations e.g. deeds, mortgages, are traded (not the physical bricks etc.) • Intellectual property: • representations e.g. licences, files, are traded (not the abstract Work etc.) See: De Soto: The Mystery Of Capital (book) Kahn: "Representing Value as Digital Objects" D-Lib magazine, May 01 (www.dlib.org/dlib/may01)

7. Representations must be structured doi> • Representation = not just an inventory but a structured entity, such as a deed • "to facilitate the comparison and combination of assets (standard descriptions)" • "crafted so as to facilitate the easy measurement of an asset's attributes"

8. Rights management: trading intellectual property • "Digital Rights Management" simply means that these representations are digital • DRM = digital management of rights = digital management of physical, digital, abstract entities • but structured • "to facilitate the comparison and combination of assets (standard descriptions)" • "crafted so as to facilitate the easy measurement of an asset's attributes" • i.e. "information objects" or "digital objects" • Having identity, structure, metadata: • Some structured accessible data of the asset's attributes

9. Trading intellectual property doi>  Trading intellectual property (rights management) requires representations • We need to have representations, providing structured data about the assets: digital objects • What does this structured data need to be?

10. Pieces of "rights metadata" used in each semantic structure  Describing rights using data doi> Primary rights events (claims, deals) are described using pieces of data: Rights Statement (“claim”) [party] owns [right] in [creation] in [time] and [place] Rights Agreement(“deal”) [party] agreed with [party] in [time] and [place] that [event]

11.  Describing rights using data doi> Primary rights events (claims, deals) are described using pieces of data: Rights Statement (“claim”) [party] owns [right] in [creation] in [time] and [place] Rights Agreement(“deal”) [party] agreed with [party] in [time] and [place] that [event] Creations typically have standard identifiers, which may have associated structured data, or which may act as keys to get this data Other pieces of data also need standard identifiers (time, party..)

12. Statements, agreements, transfers, permissions, prohibitions, requirements, assertions, approvals What is "rights metadata"? doi> A mix of data from many sources: 1 Rights “events”

13. Creations, Creation types, contributor roles, user roles, tools, classifications, measures What is rights metadata? doi> A mix of data from many sources: 1 Rights “events” 2 Descriptive metadata

14. Rights, persons, intellectual property What is rights metadata? doi> A mix of data from many sources: 1 Rights “events” 2 Descriptive metadata 3 Legal terms

15. Terms, conventions What is rights metadata? doi> A mix of data from many sources: 1 Rights “events” 2 Descriptive metadata 3 Legal metadata 4 Financial metadata These sets of “rights metadata" are standardized and maintained in different places.

16. statement agreement transfer agreement assertion agreement permission prohibition permission requirement etc [party] can[verb] [amount] to [creation] at [time] in [place]. Each entity can be expanded to reveal more data Distributed rights management doi> This mix of data from many sources is used in many different places by different people in chains of rights events:

17. statement agreement transfer agreement assertion agreement permission prohibition permission requirement etc Distributed rights management doi> Each of these is an information object which may need to link to or use information objects in other databases. The information used by each must therefore be standardised/interoperable

18. Using representations doi> Is there a way of getting to this "interoperation of data from many sources"? Yes: work already done which shows how

19. indecs (www.indecs.org) doi> • Interoperability of Data in E-Commerce Systems • Multiple partner work 1998-2000 (EC, standards bodies, commerce, and non-commercial) - a broad cross-section of international bodies representing all aspects of the content industries' value chain from creators to users. • Produced principles for structured metadata and basis for a data dictionary for interoperability • Used by DOI, ONIX, Muze, etc • Applicable to other structured approaches e.g. SMPTE (and creates means of interoperability with them) • Now being extended to rights transactions

20. indecs2 structure doi> • Initial proposal by International DOI Foundation (IDF) and EDItEUR. • Feasibility study funded by IDF, spring-summer 2001. Project managed by RightsCom Ltd. • An example of how IDF is "thinking smarter" • A consortium from technology, rights owners and rights managers. • Status: Consortium finalized. See press release. Project under way with delivery in December.

21. indecs2 consortium partners doi> • Accenture www.accenture.com • ContentGuard www.contentguard.com • Dentsu (Melodies and Memories Group) www.dentsu.com • EDItEUR www.editeur.org • Enpia Systems www.enpia.co.kr • International DOI Foundation www.doi.org • Motion Picture Association www.mpaa.org • Recording Industry Association of America + International Federation of Phonographic Industries www.riaa.com + www.ifpi.org

22. indecs 2 objective doi> To produce a Rights Data Dictionary as a candidate for the common “semantic layer” standard for digital rights management. • Using ISO/MPEG process • DOI data dictionary will be used as input • DOI developments will use output • Significantly extends DOI outreach, and possibly scope

23. indecs 2 work doi> • Not starting from zero: will use existing indecs work, DOI descriptive work, DOI data dictionary etc. (will provide some central elements of the dictionary, e.g. contributor, creation and derivation types) and add to these. • Will deliver: • A database containing a dictionary of defined terms and their semantic relationships • A “proof of concept” demonstrator. • Input to MPEG21 and other standards forums

24. Vocabulary layer DRM Rights metadata Data Dictionary Provide a base semantic layer to build on Enforcement of rights & permissions Use Technology Platform Application layer Rendering, environment etc. Machine-capable interpretation of rights: XRML etc Expression layer Rights Expression Language

25. Rights management through Digital Objects Norman Paskin The International DOI Foundation n.paskin@doi.org www.doi.org doi>