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Reference Linking via CrossRef April 13, 2000 Ed Pentz Executive Director CrossRef

Reference Linking via CrossRef April 13, 2000 Ed Pentz Executive Director CrossRef. Reference Linking. Next frontier in journal publishing End user access to logically related articles in one or two clicks Linking allows body of primary literature as group of logically associated articles.

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Reference Linking via CrossRef April 13, 2000 Ed Pentz Executive Director CrossRef

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  1. Reference Linking via CrossRef April 13, 2000 Ed Pentz Executive Director CrossRef

  2. Reference Linking • Next frontier in journal publishing • End user access to logically related articles in one or two clicks • Linking allows body of primary literature as group of logically associated articles

  3. Reference Linking • End Users (researchers and scientists) pursue inquiries in a logical, sequential way • Researchers want everything to link • Researchers expect everything to link Links Add Value

  4. Why CrossRef? • Current Linking • Between Secondary and Primary • Within online systems (HighWire) • Linking Agreements • Bilateral - Secondary to Primary • Define terms of linking • “no surprises”

  5. Why CrossRef? • 1/2(N)(N-1) problem • 2-party agreements not scaleable • too many publishers • too many linking schemes • Result - Cooperation among publishers • CrossRef makes broad-based linking manageable

  6. CrossRef Goals • Enable Reference Linking • initial focus on primary article to primary article links (one or two clicks) • X to primary article links important • Primary article to X links • X = A&I Databases, Local Catalogs/Holdings, Conference Proceedings, Reference Works • Broad-Based, Not-for-profit initiative • All scholarly publishing

  7. CrossRef Principles • Aggregation (collect full text content) • duplicate/missing content/no “one stop shop” • Gateway (Collect “less-than-full text”) • various models - some add value some don’t but always lead to full text content • Distributed (Virtual) Aggregation • ‘minimal’ centralized date - full text remains on publishers’ site • access to full text determined by publisher

  8. Reference Linking Infrastructure • Article identifiers • Resolution system • Technical Infrastructure • software & services • (Meta) Data Rules • Business Rules

  9. Article Identifier • Digital Object Identifier (DOI) • just the number • unique, persistent, managed by IDF • identifies Intellectual Property, not a location (URLs) • NISO standard • 10.1006/jmbi.1999.2736 • http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmbi.1999.2736 Suffix Prefix

  10. 1. User Gets Article 2. User Clicks DOI 3. URL Returned DOI Resolution - IDF System Online Journal 1 DOI Directory (Handle System) End User 4. User Gets Cited Article Online Journal 2

  11. DOI Lookup - CrossRef System • DOI-X Prototype (AAP/IDF/CNRI) • Reference linking prototype • Metadata • Data Rules/XML DTD • Metadata Database (MDDB) • Reference Resolver (RR) • Academic Press/Wiley • DOI Lookup/Matching

  12. Metadata Deposit • Publishers submit article metadata • Journal Title, ISSN/Coden,Volume, Issue, First Page, First Author, Year - mandatory • Article Title is optional • XML-based DTD (DOI-X) • Formal grammar • Supplementary “data rules” • Journal articles today • Other genres to follow

  13. Metadata Submission Article Metadata (XML) Article Data DOI + URL CrossRef Collection Service CrossRef MDDB for DOI Lookup DOI Directory

  14. DOI Lookup • Publishers submit references to Reference Resolver (RR) • References tagged in SGML/XML • Minimum Data • Abbreviated title, volume, first page - possibly first author and year • Send Batches of References • RR - intelligent “link agent”

  15. Business Rules/Governance • CrossRef Membership • Primary scholarly publishers • Deposit metadata/Add links to references • Provide full bibliographic citation for incoming DOI links • many publishers will give free abstracts • information on acquiring article (pay online, document delivery, subscription) • CrossRef guarantees links

  16. Organization • Publishers International Linking Association (PILA) • not-for-profit corporation to run CrossRef • non-members can use system • Close association with International DOI Foundation • Incorporated Feb 2000 • Executive Director, Board of Directors

  17. AAAS (Science) Academic Press (Harcourt) American Institute of Physics ACM Blackwell Science Elsevier Science IEEE Kluwer Academic Nature Oxford University Press Springer Verlag John Wiley & Sons Board of Directors

  18. AAAS (Science) Academic Press (Harcourt) ALPSP American Institute of Physics American Mathematical Society American Psychological Assoc ACM Blackwell Science CAB International Cambridge University Press Elsevier Science IEEE Institute of Physics Kluwer Academic Marcel Dekker Nature Oxford University Press Portland Press Royal Society of Chemistry Springer Taylor & Francis Thieme Verlag University of Chicago Press John Wiley & Sons World Scientific Members

  19. CrossRef Fees • Member Fee • Annual Administrative Fee • Deposit Fee • Lookup Fee • Principles • cost recovery • flexibility • no charges to end users to follow links

  20. Fees • Primary Publisher Annual Member Fee • 1 title, max 500 articles per year $200 • 2-5 titles, max 2,500 articles per yr $500 • 6-20 titles, max 10,000 articles per yr $750 • 21-100 titles, max 50,000 articles per yr $1,000 • >100 titles or >50,000 articles per yr $2,000

  21. Fees • Non-Member Annual Administrative Fee • Secondary, database <100,000 records/yr $2,000 • Secondary, database >100,000 records/yr $5,000 • Agents $5,000 • Non-resellers (e.g., libraries) $300

  22. Fees • Deposit Fee for Primary Material • Current Year -- full text $0.60 • Back File (deposit after 10/1/2000) $0.10 • Back File (prior to 10/1/2000) $0.05

  23. Fees • Member Retrieval Fee (for successful match) • Current File $0.10 • Back File $0.05 • Non-Member Retrieval Fee (for successful match) • Secondaries & Agents, Current $0.10 • Secondaries & Agents, Back File $0.05 • Non-reseller (libraries) $0.05

  24. CrossRef and Libraries • Libraries can use CrossRef system directly • submit metadata queries to get DOI • $300/year - $.05 per DOI matched • Intermediaries can use CrossRef system • DOIs in place when content gets to libraries • Bibliographic metadata standards will streamline content syndication

  25. Future Developments • Multiple Resolution • one DOI = one URL is starting point • multiple locations and multiple files • Appropriate Copy Issue • Interoperability • Metadata is “system neutral” • Collaboration - CrossRef wants to work with libraries and other parties to address these issues

  26. Publisher Copy Local Copy Aggregator Copy A&I Record

  27. Contact Details • www.crossref.org • Ed Pentz - epentz@crossref.org

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