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Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle

Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle. Net Results of Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle. Glycolysis: IN: Glucose + 2 ATP OUT: 2 Pyruvate + 4 ATP + 2 NADH 2 ATP in and 4 ATP out = a net gain of 2 ATP Krebs Cycle (x2): IN: Pyruvate OUT: 1 ATP + 4 NADH + 1 FADH 2 + 3 CO 2

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Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle

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  1. Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle

  2. Net Results of Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle • Glycolysis: • IN: Glucose + 2 ATP • OUT: 2 Pyruvate + 4 ATP + 2 NADH • 2 ATP in and 4 ATP out = a net gain of 2 ATP • Krebs Cycle (x2): • IN: Pyruvate • OUT: 1 ATP + 4 NADH + 1 FADH2 + 3 CO2 • Thus, 10 NADH + 2 FADH2 go to the ETC to create more ATP’s.

  3. Types of Enzymes in Respiration • Kinase – adds a phosphate • Dehydrogenase – does REDOX reactions • Isomerase – converts between isomers • Synthase – creates big molecules from small ones • Where is the control point in Glycolysis?

  4. Coupled Reactions • Endergonic reactions to occur more readily when coupled with an exergonic reaction • The NET ΔG must be negative • Common exergonic reactions: • NADH  NAD+ : ΔG = -53 kcal/mol • FADH2 FAD : ΔG = -39 kcal/mol • ATP  ADP + Pi : ΔG = -7.3 kcal/mol

  5. Example Problem Fructose-6-Pi ATP ADP Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

  6. Example Problem A Fructose-6-Phosphate B ATP C Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate D Less than +7.3 kCal/mol E Kinase

  7. Reaction 1 Isocitrate CO2 NAD+ NADH a - Ketoglutarate

  8. Reaction 1

  9. Reaction 2 Phosphoenolpyruvate ADP ATP Pyruvate

  10. Reaction 2

  11. Reaction 3 Malate NAD+ NADH Oxaloacetate

  12. Reaction 3

  13. Reaction 4 Glucose ATP ADP Glucose-6-Phosphate

  14. Reaction 4

  15. Reaction 5 Pyruvate CO2 NAD+ NADH Coenzyme A Acetyl CoA

  16. Reaction 5

  17. Reaction 6 Succinate FAD FADH2 Fumarate

  18. Reaction 6

  19. Reaction 7 Glucose-6-Phosphate Organic molecule is rearranged Fructose-6-Phosphate

  20. Reaction 7

  21. Reaction 8 Glyceraldehyde-3-P 2 Pi NAD+ NADH 1,3-Bisphoglycerate

  22. Reaction 8

  23. Reaction 9 a-Ketoglutarate NAD+ CoA-SH CO2 NADH Succinyl CoA

  24. Reaction 9

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