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WATER TREATMENT

WATER TREATMENT. IT IS THE PROCESS OF REMOVING IMPURITIES OF RAW WATER TO BRING ITS QUALITY UP TO CERTAIN REQUIRED STANDARDS IS CALLED WATER TREATMENT . .

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WATER TREATMENT

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  1. WATER TREATMENT IT IS THE PROCESS OF REMOVING IMPURITIES OF RAW WATER TO BRING ITS QUALITY UP TO CERTAIN REQUIRED STANDARDS IS CALLED WATER TREATMENT.

  2. TREATMENT METHODS1. SCREENING2. PLAIN SEDIMENTATION3. SEDIMENTATION WITH CO- AGULATION4. FILTERATION5. AERATION & CHEMICAL TREATMENT6. DIS-INFECTION

  3. SCREENING • THIS IS PRIMARY STAGE OF TREATMENT USED TO REMOVE LARGEST SIZE IMPURITIES……. • TYPESOF IMPURITIES REMOVED • FLOATING – BUSHES, DEAD ANIMALS, LEAVES, BRANCHES OF TREES ETC. • SUSPENDED – WOODEN PIECES, CLOTH PIECES ETC.

  4. SEDIMENTATION • IT IS THE PROCESS OF REMOVING THE SUSPENDED PARTICLES • IT IS OF PHYSICAL IN NATURE • IT IS BASED ON SETTLING THE HAVIER PARTICLES • IT IS POSSIBLE WITH THE SLOW SPEED OF WATER • THIS PROCESS TAKES PLACE IN TANKS CALLED SEDIMENTATION TANKS

  5. TYPES OF SEDIMENTATION • PLAIN SEDIMENTATION …………AGGREGATION OF IMPURITIES DONE WITH GRAVITATIONAL PULLS TO PARTICLES • SEDIMENTATION WITH COAGULATION …………..AGGREGATION OF IMPURITIES DONE WITH THE HELP OF OTHER CHEMICAL OR SUBSTANCE

  6. ADVENTAGES OF PLAIN SEDIMENTATION • REDUCES THE LOAD ON NEXT PROCESSES • CLEANING COST OF COAGULATION REDUCED • IT IS SIMPLE & PHYSICAL IN NATURE • LESS QUANTITY OF CHEMICAL IS REQUIRED

  7. TWO TYPES OF SEDIMENTATION TANKS • 1. INTERMITTENT TANK • 2. CONTINUOUS FLOW TYPE TANK

  8. SEDIMENTATION WITH COAGULATION • THE PROCESS OF ADDING CERTAIN CHEMICALS TO RAW WATER IN ORDER TO FORM FLOC {INSOLUBLE GELATINOUS SUBSTANCE} FOR QUICK SEDIMENTATION AND REPID REMOVAL OF FINE PARTICLES IS CALLED SEDIMENTATION WITH COAGULATION • THESE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS ADDED ARE CALLED COAGULANTS

  9. COMMAN COAGULANTS • ALUMINIUM SULPHATE – Al(SO4)318H20 …..IS ALSO CALLED ALUM • -----BETTER RESULT • ------CHEAP IN COST • ------HAS NO CHLORINE DEMAND • -------COMMONLY USED IN PLANTS

  10. OTHER COMMAN COAGULANTS • IRON SALTS ………………..FERROUS SULPHATE, FERRIC CHLORIDE, FERRIC SULPHATE CHLORINATED COPPERAS ………MIXTURE OF FERRIC SULPHATE & FERRIC CHLORIDE SODIUM ALUMINATE

  11. FEEDING DEVICES • SOLUTION FEED DEVICES • DRY FEED DEVICES

  12. MIXING DEVICES • FLOW TYPE • MECHANICALLY AGITATED

  13. FLOCCULATOR

  14. FILTERATION • THE PROCESS OF PASSING THE RAW WATER THROUGH A THICK LAYER OF SAND AND GRAVEL WHICH ACT AS A STRAINER IS CALLED FILTERATION

  15. FIVE ACTIONS OF FILTERATION • 1 MECHANICAL STRAINING • 2 SEDIMENTATION • 3 ABSORPTION • 4 BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY • 5 ELECTROLYTIC ACTION

  16. FILTERATION • SLOW SAND FILTER • RAPID GRAVITY SAND FILTER

  17. CHLORINATION • TO KILL THE BECTERIAL INFECTION

  18. AERATION • TO REMOVE DISSOLVED GASES OTHER THAN OXYGEN & NITROGEN TO GET THE WATER FREE FROM ONPLEASANT ODOUR & TASTE • ……. IT IS DONE BY INJECTING FOUNTAIN OF AIR INTO THE WATER

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