Period 1 and 2 Review

1. Period 1 and 2 Review

2. Period 1: Technological and Environmental Transformation • Beginning of time to 600 B.C.E • Hunting and Gathering (Paleolithic Age) • Farming (Neolithic Age) • River Valley Civilizations

3. River Valley Civilizations • Mesopotamia • Egypt • Indus Valley • Shang China • Meso and South America

4. Characteristics of River-Valley Civilizations • Complex irrigation system • Legal Codes • Money • Written Language • Arts and written literature • Class system • Government system • Religious System • Advanced cities • Advanced architecture • Tool/Weapons

5. River Valley Civilizations Rivers Tools Bronze • Tigris and Euphrates • Nile • Yellow • Indus

6. River Valley Civilizations Language Arts and Literature Epic of Gilgamesh • Cuneiform • Hieroglyphics • Oracle Bones

7. River Valley Civilizations Class System Government System City States Monarchy Centralized Government • Social Pyramid • Patriarchal Society

9. River Valley Civilizations Legal Code Religion Polytheism Devine kingship Oracle Bones Stone Heads • Hammurabi’s Code

10. River Valley Civilizations Cities Architecture Irrigation Canals Pyramids

11. River Valley Civilizations: Economic Systems • Agricultural • Pastoral • Foraging

12. Period 2: Organization and Reorganization of Human Society • 600 B.C.E to 600 C.E. • Classical Civilizations • Remember the circle!

13. The Circle • Resources • Ideology • Booty • Expansion • Conflict • Vacuum

14. Classical Civilizations • Persia • Greece • Rome • China • India

15. Classical Civilizations: Common Characteristics • Patriarchal Family • Agricultural-based economies • Complex governments • Expanding trade base

16. Persia

17. Greece • City States: Athens and Sparta • Governments changed from state to state • Celebrated human individual • Polytheistic • Great Seafaring skills

18. Rome • Government: Republic to Senate to Empire • Class System: Plebeians and Patricians • Law System: Twelve Tables • Copied many cultural aspects from Greece • Great Conquests • Converted to Christianity

19. China • Zhou and Han • Mandate of Heaven • Confucianism, Legalism, Daoism • Centralized Government • Civil Service System

20. India • Mauryan and Gupta Empires • Hinduism (latter Buddhism) • Vedas • Complex social hierarchy based on caste membership (Jati) • Extensive trade routes

21. Trade Routes • Silk Road • Indian Ocean Trade • Saharan Trade • Sub-Saharan Trade

22. Fall of Civilizations • Attack from nomadic groups (Bar BarBar Barbarian) • Fall of political institutions • Protection/maintenance of boarders • Disease • What are the differences?

23. Common Consequences • Trade disrupted but survived • Decrease of the importance of political authority and the rise of the importance of religion • Political disunity in the middle east makes room for Islam

24. Major Migration Groups • Phoenicians • Israelites • Aryans • Huns • Germanic People

25. Major Belief Systems • Polytheism • Confucianism • Daoism • Hellenism • Hinduism • Buddhism • Judaism • Christianity • Islam

26. Quiz Time!