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This study evaluates different presentation methods of the Ultraviolet Index to improve public awareness, recall, understanding, attitude, and utilization. The research compares various formats and discusses their relative merits.
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Investigating Presentation Methods of the Ultraviolet Index Owen Carter Research Fellow Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer Control Curtin University of Technology
The Ultraviolet Index • Internationally standardised in 1995 • Forecast by BoM in Australia since 1996 • Reported in variety of media
Reporting of the UV Index • Television
Reporting of the UV Index • Television • Radio …and today’s UV index is 12 and extreme
Reporting of the UV Index • Television • Radio • Newspapers
Reporting of the UV Index • Television • Radio • Newspapers • Internet
Salience of the UV Index Blunden, Lower and Slevin (2004) • WA public awareness is high (90%) • Understanding is ‘good’ • Recall is low (5%) • Utilisation is poor (~1%)
Criticisms of the UV Index • Gives no behavioural cues • Fails to describe ‘complexity’ of UV conditions
WHO Recommendations • Categorise by colour and label
WHO Recommendations • Add behavioural cues
WHO Recommendations • Add behavioural cues
UV Index International Examples • Location maps
UV Index International Examples • Location maps • Contour maps
UV Index International Examples • Location maps • Contour maps • Altitude maps
UV Index International Examples • Location maps • Contour maps • Altitude maps • Time graphs
UV Index International Examples • Location maps • Contour maps • Altitude maps • Time graphs • Pictographs
Study Aim • To assess and compare various presentation methods of the UV index to maximise public awareness, recall, understanding, attitude and utilisation
Methodology • Six groups stratified by age and sex
Methodology • Completed brief questionnaires to ascertain pre-existing knowledge and beliefs about the UV index
Methodology • Groups shown thirty UV index presentation formats • The relative merits of each were discussed
“What aspects of the weather forecast would you heed if heading to the beach?”
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 “How many times have you been sunburnt this summer?” 30 25 20 Percent 15 10 5 0 Times sunburnt this summer
50 40 30 20 10 0 notan lighttan mediumtan darktan very darktan “What do you consider to be a ‘healthy’ tan?” Percent
Television 95% Radio 18% 9% Newspaper 0% Internet “Where have you noticed the UV index reported?”
50 40 30 Percent 20 10 0 extremelyuseful veryuseful somewhatuseful not veryuseful not usefulat all “How useful do you consider the UV Index?”
Understanding of the UV Index • “Higher values mean it is easier to get burnt” • Poor appreciation of UVI range • Frequently associated with temperature • Hourly variation in UVI vaguely understood • Effects of cloud cover poorly understood • More attention paid to label than number
Television • “Eyes drawn strait to temperature first” • “Usually only hear it, not see it” • “Should be on separate screen to temperature” • “Should be same size as temperature”
Newspaper • “Never noticed it” • “Barely see it” • “No one uses it” • “Have to actually know it’s there to look for it” • “Eyes drawn away to Perth temperature”
WHO Format • Colours liked by women but disliked by men • Too many categories at lower values of UV index and not enough at higher levels • “Need a colour and label for extreme extreme”
14 12 12 11 11 10 10 9 8 8 UV Index 6 6 6 4 4 4 3 3 2 0 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Perth Monthly Average UV Index
WHO Format • “People already know what to do” • “Same all year round!” • “Means staying in-doors half the year” • “Stupid”
Location Map • “Would confuse with temperature forecast” • “Only want to know about Perth” • “Not very meaningful” • “Not enough detail”
Location Map • “Would confuse with temperature forecast” • “Only want to know about Perth” • “Not very meaningful” • “Not enough detail” • “Overkill” • “Too much”
Location Map • “Would confuse with temperature forecast” • “Only want to know about Perth” • “Not very meaningful” • “Not enough detail” • “Overkill” • “Too much” • “Better…”