Presentation Transcript

1. EDUCATION PROFILE AND ISSUES OF ASEAN COUNTRIES

   Prepared and Presented by M. YAHYA AHMAD Doctoral Degree Student Philippine Chistian University On the fulfillment of subject : Comparative Education M. Yahya Ahmad
2. TOPIC OF INTEREST Compulsory Education Basic Education Definition Country Profile Issues and Challenges M. Yahya Ahmad
3. COMPULSORY EDUCATION Definition and its mandate Education Law Basis of each country Right to Education M. Yahya Ahmad
4. Key treaty provisions on free and compulsory education Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948): "Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. …" (Article 26) European Convention on Human Rights, Protocol 1 (1952): No person shall be denied the right to education. M. Yahya Ahmad
5. Key treaty provisions on free and compulsory education UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education (1960): The States Parties to this Conventionundertake to formulate, develop andapply a national policy which, ... will tendto promote equality of opportunity and oftreatment ... and in particular: (a) Tomake primary education free and compulsory. M. Yahya Ahmad
6. Key treaty provisions on free and compulsory education International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966): Primary education shall be compulsory and available free for all. Protocol of San Salvador to the AmericanConvention on Human Rights (1988) The States Parties to this Protocolrecognize that in order to achieve the fullexercise of the right to education: a. Primary education should be compulsoryand accessible to all without cost. M. Yahya Ahmad
7. Key treaty provisions on free and compulsory education Convention on the Rights of the Child: (1989): States Parties recognize the right of thechild to education, and with a view toachieving this right progressively and onthe basis of equal opportunity, they shall,in particular: (a) Make primary educationcompulsory and available free for all. M. Yahya Ahmad
8. Key treaty provisions on free and compulsory education Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the African Child (1990): States Parties to the present Charter shalltake all appropriate measures with a view toachieving the full realization of [the right toeducation] and shall in particular: a) providefree and compulsory basic education; M. Yahya Ahmad
9. Key treaty provisions on free and compulsory education (Revised) European Social Charter (1996): With a view to ensuring the effectiveexercise of the right of children and youngpersons to grow up in an environment whichencourages the full development of theirpersonality and of their physical and mentalcapacities, the Parties undertake, eitherdirectly or in co-operation with public andprivate organizations, to take all appropriateand necessary measures designed: 2. toprovide to children and young persons a freeprimary and secondary education as well asto encourage regular attendance at schools. M. Yahya Ahmad
10. Content of the Right to Education and State Obligations Equal enjoyment of, and equal access to, educational opportunities and facilities Compulsory and free primary education Generally available and accessible secondary education, and equally accessible higher education Freedom of choice in education, and freedom to establish private institutions M. Yahya Ahmad
11. Definition of Basic Education (Jomtiem Conference, 1990) The definition of basic education must be in terms of levels to be attained, and knowledge and skills to be acquired along the lines of the Jomtien 'enlarged vision', not in terms of a period of compulsory school education Basic education allows personal development, intellectual autonomy, integration into professional life and participation in the development of the society in the context of democracy. M. Yahya Ahmad
12. FOUR As EDUCATION Availability that education is free and government-funded and that there is adequate infrastructure and trained teachers able to support education delivery. Accessibility `that the system is non- discriminatory and accessible to all, and that positive steps are taken to include the most marginalised. Acceptability that the content of education is relevant, non-discriminatory and culturally appropriate, and of quality; that the school itself is safe and teachers are professional. Adaptability that education can evolve with the changing needs of society and contribute to challenging inequalities, such as gender discrimination, and that it can be adapted locally to suit specific contexts. M. Yahya Ahmad
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16. BRUNEI DARUSSALAM M. Yahya Ahmad
17. CAMBODIA M. Yahya Ahmad
18. INDONESIA M. Yahya Ahmad
19. LAO-PDR M. Yahya Ahmad
20. MALAYSIA M. Yahya Ahmad
21. Republic of the Union of MYANMAR (BURMA) M. Yahya Ahmad
22. PHILIPPINES M. Yahya Ahmad
23. SINGAPORE M. Yahya Ahmad
24. THAILAND M. Yahya Ahmad
25. TIMOR LESTE Upppsss .....I am Sorry...... Data Not Available M. Yahya Ahmad
26. Socialist Republic of VIETNAM M. Yahya Ahmad
27. COUNTRY PROFILE Implementation of Compulsory Education Humand Development Index M. Yahya Ahmad
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29. Implementation of compulsory education M. Yahya Ahmad
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32. ABOVE AVERAGE BELOW AVERAGE M. Yahya Ahmad
33. Primary TeacherAge Proportion Under 30 M. Yahya Ahmad
34. Number of children of primary school age who were out of school in 2008, selected countrie M. Yahya Ahmad
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38. Pupil/Teacher Ratio M. Yahya Ahmad
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41. OVER STANDARD BELOW STANDARD M. Yahya Ahmad
42. EDUCATIONAL ISSUES AND CHALLENGES Equity Problems Quality Problems M. Yahya Ahmad
43. Problem of Equity in Education Lack of available school building and classroom with all required facilities Shortage of teachers, especially in remote areas; That is one of the reason in countries like Thailand and Indonesia there are multi grade teachers where one teacher teaches more than one grades of primary school Uneven spread of population, which also creates serious disparities in educational opportunity; especially in a big country like Indonesia. M. Yahya Ahmad
44. Problem of Equity in Education Lack of good textbooks and other learning materials. Due to financial and geographical reason this problem can easily be found in remote schools. Geographical location Student’s and parent’s low appreciation toward education Level of socio-economic condition of the family Lack of budget for building more schools, classrooms, learning facilities M. Yahya Ahmad
45. Problem of Quality Education Dakar’s Framework of Action: A good quality education requires: Healthy, well nourished and motivated students, Well motivated and professionally competent teacher, Active learning techniques, A relevant curriculum M. Yahya Ahmad
46. Problem of Quality Education Adequate, environmentally friendly and easily accessible facilities, Healthy, safe and protective learning environments, A clear definition and accurate assessment of learning outcomes, including knowledge, skills, attitude and values Participatory governance and management, and Respect for and engagement with local communities and cultures M. Yahya Ahmad
47. THANK YOU M. Yahya Ahmad