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V. Molecular Geometry

Molecular Structure. V. Molecular Geometry. A. VSEPR Theory. V alence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory Electron pairs orient themselves in order to minimize repulsive forces. Lone pairs repel more strongly than bonding pairs!!!. A. VSEPR Theory. Types of e - Pairs

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V. Molecular Geometry

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  1. Molecular Structure V. Molecular Geometry

  2. A. VSEPR Theory • Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory • Electron pairs orient themselves in order to minimize repulsive forces

  3. Lone pairs repel more strongly than bonding pairs!!! A. VSEPR Theory • Types of e- Pairs • Bonding pairs - form bonds • Lone pairs – non-bonding e-

  4. Bond Angle A. VSEPR Theory • Lone pairs reduce the bond angle between atoms

  5. Know the common shapes & their bond angles! B. Determining Molecular Shape • Draw the Lewis Structures • Add up e- pairs on central atom • double/triple bonds = ONE pair • Shape is determined by the # of bonding pairs and lone pairs

  6. BeH2 C. Common Molecular Shapes 2 total 2 bond 0 lone LINEAR 180°

  7. BF3 C. Common Molecular Shapes 3 total 3 bond 0 lone TRIGONAL PLANAR 120°

  8. SO2 C. Common Molecular Shapes 3 total 2 bond 1 lone BENT <120°

  9. CH4 C. Common Molecular Shapes 4 total 4 bond 0 lone TETRAHEDRAL 109.5°

  10. NH3 C. Common Molecular Shapes 4 total 3 bond 1 lone TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL 107°

  11. H2O C. Common Molecular Shapes 4 total 2 bond 2 lone BENT 104.5°

  12. F P F F D. Examples • PF3 4 total 3 bond 1 lone TRIGONAL PYRAMIDAL 107°

  13. OCO D. Examples • CO2 2 total 2 bond 0 lone LINEAR 180°

  14. Lots of Examples

  15. sp # of atoms bonded to central atom # of lone pairs on the central atom Bond Angles Designation Shape AX2 2 0 linear 180 Examples: BeX2 CO2 CS2 C2H2 HCN N2O OCN- SCN- N3-

  16. sp2 # of atoms bonded to central atom # of lone pairs on the central atom Bond Angles Designation Shape AX3 3 0 trigonal planar 120 BX3 AlX3 SO3 CO3-2 SiO3-2 NO3- CH2O Examples:

  17. sp2 # of atoms bonded to central atom # of lone pairs on the central atom Bond Angles Designation Shape AX2E 2 1 bent <120 NO2 NOCl SnX2 SO2 O3 NO2- GeX2 Examples:

  18. sp3 # of atoms bonded to central atom # of lone pairs on the central atom Bond Angles Designation Shape AX4 4 0 tetra- hedral 109.5 CX4 SiX4 BX4- AlX4- NH4+ ClO4- SO4-2 PO4-3 Examples:

  19. sp3 # of atoms bonded to central atom # of lone pairs on the central atom Bond Angles Designation Shape AX3E 3 1 trigonal pyramidal 107.5 NX3 PX3 SO3-2 XO3- SiH3- Examples:

  20. sp3 # of atoms bonded to central atom # of lone pairs on the central atom Bond Angles Designation Shape AX2E2 2 2 bent 104.5 OX2 SX2 XO2- X3+ Examples:

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