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How did the civil war Affect Democracy in England?

Learn about how the English Civil War affected democracy in England, from the establishment of the Commonwealth to the Glorious Revolution. Explore the rise and fall of the Rump Parliament, Cromwell's rule as Lord Protector, the Calvinist Blue Laws, the Restoration of the monarchy under Charles II, the Test Act, the reign of James II, and the pivotal Glorious Revolution that led to constitutional monarchy.

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How did the civil war Affect Democracy in England?

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  1. How did the civil war Affect Democracy in England?

  2. Democracy In England • Charles II was in exile in Europe • The English Republic was now called the Commonwealth of England • The Rump Parliament voted to abolish the monarchy and the House of Lords in 1649

  3. The Rump Parliament • Becoming unpopular • Many people disagreed with its decisions or right to make decisions • Only 80 members, so it did not properly represent the people

  4. Changing British Society • The Rump Parliament passed 2 Acts • The Adultery Act May 1650 • Death penalty for incest and adultery 2. The Blasphemy Act August 1650 • To restrain extreme religious groups

  5. Oliver Cromwell takes on Parliament • 1653 The Rump Parliament refused to hold an election unless they were guaranteed their seats • Cromwell marched into parliament with troops and physically drove members out You are no parliament!!!

  6. Lord Protector • Cromwell was named Lord Protector by senior army officers • Military dictator Divided the country into districts and ruled through major-generals - Collect taxes, law and order

  7. Calvinist Blue Laws • Established under Cromwell Lord Protector • Outlawed “pagan” ceremonies such as Christmas • Forbade dancing, gambling, sports , and theatre • Cromwell was not popular due to these laws

  8. Return of the King • After the death of Cromwell, a new parliament elected • New Parliament decided to restore the monarchy • Invited Charles II to return to England as King

  9. Hail the King! • The restoration of the monarchy was a very popular decision • The people did not oppose the monarchy, they just wanted a parliament that could stand up for their rights • Everyone besides the Puritans hated the Blue Laws

  10. Constitutional Monarchy • Parliament insisted the king rule as a constitutional monarch • powers controlled by parliament 2 major political parties formed • Tories- Royal supporters • Whigs- opponents to the monarchy

  11. Charles II Revenge • Those behind the execution of Charles I were severely punished • 10 members of the former Rump Parliament were hanged, draw and quartered • The body of Cromwell was dug up and hanged outside Westminster Abby • The coronation church and resting place of British monarchs since 1066

  12. The Test Act • 1672 Charles II issued a royal proclamation that supported religious freedom for Catholics • Parliament responded by issuing the test act • Made the Church of England Supreme • Catholics not allowed to hold office, vote, or join professions

  13. James II • James II was openly Catholic • Gave high offices to Catholics in spite of the Test Act • Believed in divine right and meant to take power from parliament- same problem as his grandad

  14. Fear and Chaos • Rebellions anti-catholic riots broke out • Following the rebellion in support for Charles II’s illegitimate son, James instituted a reign of terror • Called the bloody Assizes due to the high number of executions

  15. The Issue of Succession • James II produced a male Catholic heir Parliament contacted James II’s Protestant daughter Mary and her Dutch husband William of Orange • November 1688William and 20 000 men landed in southwest England • James II fled due to a lack of support • Parliament declared that he had abdicated the throne and it was open for Mary and William

  16. Mary and William of Orange Became king and queen in 1689 when they agreed to the terms of a new Bill of Rights Document made it clear that the monarch’s power was limited Absolute monarchy was over- This was the Glorious Revolution

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