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Ecological Relationships

Ecological Relationships. Unit 2 – Lecture 2. Ecology. Ecology - the relationship between an org and its environment Includes relationships between biotic and other biotic factors biotic and abiotic factors. Important Concepts. Habitat – where an org lives [tree, lake, burrow…etc]

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Ecological Relationships

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  1. Ecological Relationships Unit 2 – Lecture 2

  2. Ecology • Ecology - • the relationship between an org and its environment • Includes relationships between • biotic and other biotic factors • biotic and abiotic factors

  3. Important Concepts • Habitat – • where an org lives • [tree, lake, burrow…etc] • Niche – • what an org does • making dams, eat-ing certain orgs, etc. • EVERYTHINGit does, basically.

  4. Biotic  Biotic Relationships • Symbiosis – a relationship between 2 orgs • three types that we will cover: • mutualism – benefit-benefit • often referred to as simply symbiosis, but you must use the more specific term • commensalism – benefit-unaffected • parasitism – benefit-harm

  5. Discuss • Come up with 2 examples of each of the symbiotic relationships: mutualism [benefit-benefit]commensalism [unaffected-benefit]parasitism [harmed-benefit]

  6. BioticBiotic cont’d • Other – Non Symbiotic – Relationships • Predator-Prey – • one org feeds off of the other • Competition – • organisms compete for the same resources

  7. Food Chains & Food Webs • Do Not list humans, decomposers, or scavengers. • detritovore – feeds off of detritus [dead or decaying organic matter] – decomposers/scavengers • Food Chain – a linear representation of feeding • chains are linear – a single line • ex:

  8. Food Chains & Webs – cont’d • Food Web – a branched & often interconnected representation of feeding • webs have many branches and interconnections • ex:

  9. Descriptive Org Terms • Autotroph – an organism which makes its own food • “auto-” – self • “troph” – nutrients / food / feeder • aka producer • examples?

  10. Descriptive Org Terms – cont’d • Heterotroph – cannot make its own food, feeds off of other organisms • “hetero” – different • aka consumer • “vore” terms – carnivore, omnivore, herbivore, detritovore/decomposer

  11. Discuss • What do each of these “vore” terms mean? carnivore omnivore herbivore detritovore

  12. Descriptive Org Terms – cont’d • decomposer – obtains nutrients by breaking down decaying organic matter • organic – any substance containing the element Carbon

  13. Sequence Terms for Consumers • Used in food chains or food pyramids for CONSUMERS, NOT in food webs. You may use either of the given terms. • Primary aka First Order consumers • eats the producer • herbivore or omnivore • Secondary aka Second Order consumers • eats the primary/1st order consumer • omnivore or carnivore

  14. Sequence Terms – cont’d • Tertiary aka Third Order consumer • eats secondary / 2nd order consumer • carnivore or omnivore • Quaternary aka Fourth Order consumer • eats tertiary / 3rd order consumer • carnivore or omnivore • etc…

  15. Terms in Chains & Pyramids • Top Predator – • an animal with has no natural enemies • will always be final step in food chain / pyramid • NOT all pyramids & chains have a top predator • HUMANS ARE NOT TOP PREDATORS…

  16. Discuss / Complete • Fill in #4 on your sheet using the terms you just learned in #s 1-3.[sequence terms, vore terms, and the rest]

  17. Check Your Work! Producer Autotroph Heterotroph 1st Order Consumer Primary Consumer Omnivore Heterotroph 2nd Order Consumer Secondary Consumer Carnivore Heterotroph 3rd Order Consumer Tertiary Consumer Carnivore Top Predator

  18. Energy/Food Pyramids • Energy Pyramid – a pyramid-shaped representation of a food chain • shows the transfer of energy btw organisms • only 10% of the energy taken in is passed on to the next trophic level • 90% of energy taken in is lost [used for fuel for the body’s actions and for body’s reactions]

  19. Energy/Food Pyramids • Energy Pyramid – a pyramid-shaped representation of a food chain • trophic level – a nutrient/food level [“troph…” • each step in a food chain, web, or energy pyramid is a new trophic level • a pyramid will have as many levels as the food chain it represents

  20. Energy/Food Pyramids • the terms used to describe orgs on the food chain are also used for each trophic level here. • as available energy decreases, the number of organisms [circle one: also decreases / increases].

  21. Homework • Complete the Food Chains, Food Webs & Food Pyramids worksheet found on pages 6-7 in your packet.

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