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Liposarcoma - Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Treatment Today

Explore the characteristics of liposarcoma, its diagnosis methods including clinical exams and imaging, treatment options such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, as well as the different histological subtypes and prognostic factors associated with this soft tissue tumor.

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Liposarcoma - Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Treatment Today

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  1. ΛΙΠΟΣΑΡΚΩΜΑ Τι γνωρίζουμε σήμερα; Στράτος ΚΑΛΑΪΤΖΗΣ Δεκέμβριος 2010

  2. ΓΕΝΙΚA ΧΑΡΑΚΤΗΡΙΣΤΙΚΑ • Όγκος προερχόμενος από πρωτογενή κύτταρα που ακολούθησαν μια λιπώδη διαφοροποίηση. • 1% των κακοήθων όγκων • Εμφανίζεται σε όλες τις ηλικίες αλλά κυρίως περί τα 40-60 ετών. • 50% στα κάτω άκρα • 33% στον κορμό • 12% στα κάτω άκρα • 4% στην κεφαλή και τράχηλο • Μέγεθος πάνω από 5 εκ = 74% κακοήθεια

  3. Διάγνωση • Κλινική εξέταση: Παρουσία μάζας • Υπερηχογράφημα • Αξονική τομογραφία • Μαγνητική τομογραφία • Βιοψία με βελόνα Ttu-cut (τουλάχιστον 16 G)

  4. Ιστολογικά • Καλά διαφοροποιημένο 30-35% (πενταετή επιβίωση 87-100%) • Μυξοειδές 50% (πενταετής επιβίωση 76-88%) • Πολύμορφο 10-15% (πενταετής επιβίωση 39-56%) • Αδιαφοροποίητο

  5. Θεραπεία • Ριζική χειρουργική αφαίρεση • Ακτινοθεραπεία: προεγχειρητική κυρίως όταν κρίνεται εξ αρχής ανεγχείρητο (50-60 Gy). Τα μυξοειδή θεωρούνται τα πλέον ακτινοευαίσθητα • Χημειοθεραπεία: περιορισμένη αποτελεσματικότητα. Ενδείκνυται κυρίως σε μορφές με κακή πρόγνωση • Ακρωτηριασμός: αποκλείει την τοπική υποτροπή όχι όμως την μεταστατική νόσο.

  6. Συμπερασματικά • Το λιποσάρκωμα περιλαμβάνει 4 βαθμούς κακοήθειας ανάλογα με τον ιστολογικό τύπο • Η θεραπεία όπως και στους άλλους μεσεγχυματικούς όγκους είναι γενικά ακτινοθεραπεία και εν συνεχεία ευρεία χειρουργική αφαίρεση με ή χωρίς χημειοθεραπεία. • Σημαντική είναι επίσης η παρακολούθηση για την θεραπεία μίας τοπικής υποτροπής ή μετάστασης.

  7. ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ • Arkun R, Memis A, Akalin T et al. Liposarcoma of soft tissue: MRI findings with pathologic correlation. Skeletal Radiology 1997; 26: pp 167-172. • Arlen M, Higinbotham NL, Huvos AG et al. Radiation-induced sarcoma of bone. Cancer 1971; 28: 1087. • Austin RM, Dupree WB. Liposarcoma of the breast: a clinicopathologic study of 20 cases. Hum Pathol. 1986; 17(9): pp 906-13. • Brennan MF and Lewis JJ eds. Adjuvant Management. In Diagnosis and Management of Soft Tissue Sarcoma. London, 2002, Martin Dunitz, pp 153-183. • Brennan MF and Lewis JJ eds. Clinical and pathologic correlates. In Diagnosis and Management of Soft Tissue Sarcoma. London, 2002, Martin Dunitz, pp 91-140. • Chang HR, Hajdu SI, Collin C et al. The prognostic value of histologic subtypes in primary extremity liposarcoma. Cancer 1989; 64: 1514. • Christopher DM, Unni KK, Mertens F. WHO classification of tumors. Pathology and genetics: tumors of soft tissue and bone. Lyon, France, 2002, IARC Press, pp 35-46. • Coffin CM. Adipose and myxoidtumors. In Pediatric Soft Tissue Tumors: A Clinical, Pathological, and Therapeutic Approach, Coffin CM, Dehner LP and O’Shea PA eds. Baltimore, 1997, Williams and Wilkins, pp 254-276. • Dei Tos AP. Liposarcoma: new entities and evolving concepts. Ann Dian Pathol 2000; 4: pp 252-266. • Donegan WL. Sarcoma of the breast. Major ProblClin Surg. 1979; 5: pp 504-42. • Enneking WF, Spanier SS, Goodman MA. A system for the surgical staging of musculoskeletal sarcoma. CORR 1980; 153: pp 106-120. • Enzinger FM and Weiss SW eds. General considerations. In Soft Tissue Tumors, Third Edition. St. Louis, 1995, Mosby, pp 1-16. • Enzinger FM and Weiss SW eds. Liposarcoma. In Soft Tissue Tumors, Third Edition. St. Louis, 1995, Mosby, pp 431-66. • Laskin WB, Silverman TA, Enzinger FM. Postradiation soft tissue sarcomas: an analysis of 53 cases. Cancer 1988; 62: 2330. • Layfield LJ ed. LipomatousNeoplasms. In Cytopathology of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors. Oxford, 2002, Oxford University Press, pp 71-88. • Lewis JJ, Brennan MF. Soft tissue sarcomas. CurrProblSurg 1996; 3: pp 817-872. • Linehan DC, Lewis JJ, Leung D, Brennan MF. Influence of biologic factors and anatomic site in completely resectedLiposarcoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2000; 18(8): pp 1637-1643. • Pearlstone DB, Pisters PWT, Bold RJ et al. Patterns of recurrence in extremity Liposarcoma. Cancer 1999; 85(1): pp 85-92. • Peterson JJ, Kransdorf MJ, Bancroft LW, O’Connor MI. Malignant fatty tumors: classification, clinical course, imaging appearance and treatment. Skeletal Radiology 2003; 32: pp 493-503. • Pisters PWT, Leung DH, Woodruff J et al. Analysis of prognostic factors in 1,041 patients with localized soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. J ClinOncol 1996; 14: pp 1679-1689. • Pollack A, Zagars GK, Goswitz MS et al. Preoperative vs. postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas: a matter of presentation. Int. J. Radiation Oncology Biol. Phys. 1998; 42(3): pp 563-572. • Robinson E, Neugut AI, Wylie P. Clinical aspects of postirradiation sarcomas. J Natl Cancer Inst 1988; 80: 233. • Rubin BP and Fletcher CDM. The cytogenetics of lipomatous tumours. Histopathology 1997; 30: pp 507-511. • Sadoski C, Suit H, Rosenberg A et al. Preoperative radiation, surgical margin and local control of extremity sarcomas of soft tissues. J SurgOncol 1993; 52: pp 223-230. • Sim FH, Frassica FJ and Frassica DA. Soft tissue tumors: diagnosis evaluation and management. J Am AcadOrthopSurg 1994; 2: pp 202-211. • Spiro IJ, Gebhardt MC, Jennings C et al. Prognostic factors for local control of sarcomas of the soft tissues managed by radiation and surgery. Seminars in Oncology 1997; 24(5): pp 540-546. • Vassilopoulos PP, Voros DN, Kelessis NG et al. Unusual spread of Liposarcoma. Anticancer Research 2001; 21: 1419-1422. • Virkus WW, Mollabashy A, Reith JD et al. Preoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas. CORR 2002; 397: pp 177-189. • Weiss SW, Rao VK. Well-differentiated liposarcoma (atypical lipoma) of the deep soft tissues of the extremities, retroperitoneum and miscellaneous sites: a follow-up study of 92 cases with analysis of "dedifferentiation." Am J SurgPathol 1992; 16: pp 1051-1058. • Zagars GK, Goswitz MS and Pollack A. Liposarcoma: Outcome and prognostic factors following conservation surgery and radiation therapy. Int. J. Radiation OncologyBiol. Phys. 1996; 36(2): pp 311-319.

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