MEDSTAT II Environment Sector / UNESCWA / UNSD

1. Links, communalities and differences between SEEAW and Eurostat/OECD-JQand UNSD Water Questionnaire MEDSTAT II Environment Sector / UNESCWA / UNSD Joint Sub-regional Training Session on the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water (SEEAW) Amman, March 10-13, 2008 Michael Nagy

2. Table of contents • History of environment/water statistics • Overview on statistical tables: • UNSD-Water Questionnaire 2006 • Eurostat/OECD Joint Questionnaire on Inland Waters • SEEAW Standard Tables and Supplementary Tables • Links and communalities between the 3 questionnaires – in the order of UNSD-WQ tables • Conclusions

3. History of environment/water statistics • Early 1970s: Environment statistics compiled in some countries (regulatory and administrative purposes) • 1980s: OECD started data collection through questionnaires • 1990s: Environmental-Economic Accounting started • 1993: SEEA • SEEA 2003 (revised version) • 2007: SEEAW as interim standard

4. UNSD-Water Questionnaire: Tables

5. Eurostat/OECD-JQ IW: Tables

6. SEEAW Tables • Standard Tables: • Standard physical supply and use tables (PSUT) • Emission accounts • Hybrid supply and use tables • Asset accounts • Supplementary tables: • PSUT: breakdown of use-types and returns (e.g. mining water, irrigation water, cooling water,…) • Flows of water within the economy • Emission accounts: Emission breakdown to surfacewater / groundwaters; amounts of sludge • Quality accounts • Social indicators: e.g. sustainable access to improved water sources

7. UNSD-WQ: W1 – Renewable Freshwater Resources

8. Hydrological Cycle (Eurostat / OECD)

9. UNSD-WQ: W1 – Renewable Freshwater Resources • Corresponds to Eurostat/OECD-JQ T1 – Freshwater resources • +/- identical variables • slightly different terminology, e.g.: • Inflow of surface and groundwaters (UNSD)  Actual external inflow (Eurostat/OECD) • Outflow of surface and groundwaters (UNSD)  Total actual outflow (Eurostat/OECD) • UNSD-WQ: less variables • Eurostat/OECD: Supplementary tables on inflow and outflow • Link to SEEAW-Table: asset accounts • Increases in stocks can be taken from W1 (or T1): Precipitation, Inflows • Decreases in stocks can be taken from W1 (or T1): Outflow, Actual evapotranspiration • Water abstraction can be taken from UNSD-WQ W2 (Net water abstraction) • UNSD and Eurostat/OECD deal with renewable water resources only, no stocks

10. UNSD-WQ: W2 – Water Use Balance

11. UNSD-WQ: W2 – Water Use Balance Water flow schema of Eurostat/OECD-JQ on Inland Waters

12. UNSD-WQ: W2 – Water Use Balance • Corresponds to Eurostat/OECD-JQ T Water Use Balance • Identical concept: • Consumptive water use = Freshwater abstraction – leakages – wastewater generation • Water consumption = Consumptive water use + Discharges to the sea • Links to SEEAW PSUT (Columns „Total use“, „Total supply“) • No disaggregation for different industries in W2 • UNSD-WQ data can be used to compile total abstraction and total returns • slightly different concept regarding re-used water • Main difference:Water used for hydropower is NOT COVERED by UNSD/Eurostat/OECD – Water Questionnaires

13. UNSD-WQ: W3 – Freshwater abstraction + disaggregation of same variables for surface water and groundwater

14. UNSD-WQ: W3 – Freshwater abstraction • Corresponds to Eurostat/OECD-JQ T2 Annual freshwater abstraction by source • Same structure and variables • Eurostat/OECD has additional variables: • Breakdown of cooling water of manufacturing industry • Supplementary table: Other sources of water • Links to SEEAW physical use table: • Similar breakdown into industries and households • UNSD-WQ data can be used to complete part „Abstraction from the environment“

15. UNSD-WQ: W4 – Water supply industry (ISIC 41  ISIC 36)

16. UNSD-WQ: W4 – Water supply industry (ISIC 41  ISIC 36) • Corresponds to Eurostat/OECD-JQ T 3.1 - Water use by supply category, part „Public water supply“ and „Losses during transport“: • Eurostat/OECD-JQ has breakdown for cooling water of manufacturing industries • Links to SEEAW PSUT: • Use data to compile figures for „Use of water received from other economic units“ • Note: Flows within ISIC 41 (36) are not covered by UNSD/Eurostat/OECD • Link to SEEAW social indicators: • Consider data on „Population supplied“ in the compilation of „sustainable access to an improved water source“

17. UNSD-WQ: W5 – Total water use

18. UNSD-WQ: W5 – Total water use • No directly corresponding table in Eurostat/OECD-JQ: • Self supply (T3.1) ≈ Total water use (W5) - Freshwater abstraction (W3) • Eurostat/OECD-JQ has a breakdown for cooling water of manufacturing industries • Link to SEEAW PSUT: • Equal to total use of water per industry (use table) • Note: Flows within same industries are not covered by UNSD/Eurostat/OECD

19. UNSD-WQ: W6 – Wastewater treatment facilities

20. UNSD-WQ: W6 – Wastewater treatment facilities • Corresponds to: • Eurostat/OECD-JQ T 5 – Treatment capacity of wastewater treatment plants in terms of BOD • Eurostat/OECD-JQ T 6 – Sewage sludge production and disposal • Differences: • UNSD-WQ: effluent BOD is missing • Eurostat/OECD-JQ additionally: tertiary treatment, more about independent treatment (e.g. capacity and effluent BOD), concept of „Other wastewater treatment“, sludge disposal routes • 1 link to SEEAW tables: Sewage sludge quantity

21. UNSD-WQ: W7 – Population connected to wastewater treatment

22. UNSD-WQ: W7 – Population connected to wastewater treatment • Corresponds to Eurostat/OECD-JQ T4 – National population connected to wastewater treatment plants. JQ more detailled: • Tertiary treatment • Other wastewater treatment • Link to SEEAW: • Data should be considered in the calculation of „access to improved sanitation“

23. Eurostat/OECD-JQ Table 7: Generation and discharge of waste water

24. Eurostat/OECD-JQ Table 7: Generation and discharge of waste water • Covers all wastewater flows from generation to discharge per type of industry • Parameters: • Volume • BOD • N • P • Suspended solids • Heavy Metals • No corresponding UNSD-WQ table • Can be used as basis for calculation of SEEAW Emission Accounts

25. CONCLUSIONS I • UNSD-WQ and Eurostat/OECD-JQ use identical concepts: • Can be used complementary to provide a global picture • Eurostat/OECD-JQ is more disaggregated • Eurostat/OECD-JQ deals additionally with industrial wastewater and non-point sources • Eurostat/OECD-JQ deals additionally with WW quality aspects • Some terms are slightly different • Main difference: UNSD Definition of wastewater includes cooling water whereas Eurostat/OECD-JQ excludes cooling water from its wastewater definition

26. CONCLUSIONS II • UNSD-WQ/Eurostat/OECD-JQ versus SEEAW: • SEEAW follows strictly ISIC classification; UNSD-WQ/Eurostat/OECD-JQ relate more to ownership (e.g. public water supply, urban wastewater treatment) • Concept „total supply“ in SEEAW is different from „supply“ in UNSD-WQ/Eurostat/OECD-JQ • SEEAW includes the use of water in hydroelectric power generation • SEEAW concept of „soil water“ does not exist in the other questionnaires • No economic information in UNSD-WQ/Eurostat/OECD-JQ

27. Conclusions III • UNSD-WQ and Eurostat/OECD-JQ are an important data basis for compilation of SEEAW • Data have to be used carefully, since not all definitions and concepts are harmonized yet • Questionnaires are currently brought in line (step by step): • Terminology • Definitions • Concepts and classifications

28. Thank you very much for your attention! michael.nagy@umweltbundesamt.at