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Gilgamesh (btw. 2800 and 2500 BC?). Sumerian Stories of Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh and the Halub-Tree (a.k.a. Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the Netherworld ) Gilgamesh and Huwawa (a.k.a. Gilgamesh and the Land of the Living ) Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven The Death of Gilgamesh.
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Sumerian Stories of Gilgamesh Gilgamesh and the Halub-Tree (a.k.a. Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the Netherworld) Gilgamesh and Huwawa (a.k.a. Gilgamesh and the Land of the Living) Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven The Death of Gilgamesh
Versions of the Epic Old Babylonian Version c. 1700 BC 11-Tablet Version 8th-7th c. BC 12-Tablet Version }
Summary of OBV Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, is oppressing his people. The gods create Enkidu to channel his energies more profitably. Enkidu is a wild man, but he is seduced by a prostitute who brings him to Gilgamesh. They become friends
Summary of OBV Gilgamesh and Enkidu slay Huwawa (Humbaba). The gods kill Enkidu as punishment for their hubris Gilgamesh is devastated and goes wandering. Eventually meets Siduri, who advises him to enjoy earthly life. Gilgamesh goes home
OBV lacks… Prologue (Tablet 1) Bull of Heaven (Tablet 6) Ut-napishtim(?) and Flood Story (Tablets 10-11) Alternative death of Enkidu (Tablet 12)
Three Versions, Three Messages Following Tzvi Abusch… Gilgamesh learning to cope with position as: Man (OBV) Heroism vs. King (11-Tablet) Mortality God (12-Tablet)
Gilgamesh as Man (OBV) Self-conscious hero (pp. 51-52) Difficulty of slaying Huwawa (p. 143) Reasons to slay Huwawa (p. 144) Gilgamesh after the death of Enkidu (pp. 149-50) Advice of Siduri (p. 150) Taking pride in Uruk (p. 120)
Gilgamesh as King (11-Tablet) The bad king of Uruk the sheepfold (pp. 50-52) Heroic expeditions - mocking Ishtar (p. 82) Ut-napishtim as normal, despite immortality (p. 109), but removed from human world (p. 116) Gilgamesh’s failure to attain immortality, but learns to be king (pp. 50-51)
Gilgamesh as God (12-Tablet) Tablet 12 based on Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the Netherworld. Added after epic stabilised How can Gilgamesh be a god? Enkidu goes to the underworld to find Gilgamesh’s pukku and mekku. Is seized by underworld and unable to leave, except as shade to advise Gilgamesh
Gilgamesh as God (12-Tablet) Meeting Ishhara (p. 140): Sacred marriage or droit de seigneur (p. 139)? Rejection of Ishtar’s proposal because not ready to die Change in being and acceptance of necessity of death before can become god (Tablets 7-11) Learning required knowledge in Tablet 12