Growing up with eagle-eyed neighbours

1. Growing up witheagle-eyedneighbours DealingwithSocialControl in the TurkishCommunity Presentation at the 9th ESA conference Lisboa, 2009 Growing up witheagle-eyedneighbours – Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences– Sociology Department

2. Research project • How do TurkishBelgiansacculturate and how does theirsocialnetwork affect thisacculturation-process? • Focus here: “the community” Growing up witheagle-eyedneighbours – Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences– Sociology Department

3. Turkishcommunity in Ghent • Transplantedcommunity • High socialclosure • High socialcontrol • Rigidity, limit to freedom • CONSEQUENCES FOR HABITUS AND ACTION? SCT Growing up with eagle-eyed neighbours – Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences– Sociology Department

4. Research questions • What are the effects of socialcontrolonacculturation of TurkishBelgians? • What is the function of socialcontrol? • How do people deal withsocialcontrol? • What does thismean for theiracculturation? Growing up with eagle-eyed neighbours – Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences– Sociology Department

5. DATa & analysis • Method • Thematic analysis of 13 ethnographic interviews • Purposive sample • Highlyeducated • 2nd and 3rd generation • Emirdag + otherrural areas • Men and Women Growing up with eagle-eyed neighbours – Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences– Sociology Department

6. function • “I thinktheymainly are afraidthattheirchildrenwill go astray” (Damla, 27) • “I more orlessknowwhat the norms and values are in the Turkishcommunity, onehearsthat. Thanx to gossiping. Thanx to the gossiping of the people, oneknowswhat is allowed and whatisn’t” (Ali, 26) • SOCIAL CONTROL = FORM OF SOCIALIZATION • IN ITSELF/AS EXTENTION OF PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION Growing up with eagle-eyed neighbours – Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences– Sociology Department

7. Workingmechanism • Consequences of deviant behaviour: • In terms of ‘honour’ • For the wholefamily • Feltsocially and especially in marriagemarket Growing up with eagle-eyed neighbours – Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences– Sociology Department

8. Workingmechanism Functioningdependson: Reciprocity Neighbourhood Socialnetworkparents Attitude parentstowardssocialcontrol & honour “GOSSIPING” Growing up with eagle-eyed neighbours – Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences– Sociology Department

9. We live in Sint-Amandsberg, erm, in the twostreetsarounduslive peoplefrom Kars. And a littlefurther, a fiveminute walk orso, youfindonlypeoplefrom Emirdag. And mycousinslivedthere, and theyare subject to thatsocialcontrol, we are not (…) mycousins have made contact withthosepeople. And we have notdonethat. Well, myparents have notdonethat. Whetherornotconsciously, buttheyhaven’t. They had… I thinkmydaddidnotfeel the need to do it.” (Damla, 27 y.o.) Growing up with eagle-eyed neighbours – Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences– Sociology Department

10. Dealingwithsocialcontrol • BehavINGaccording to norms & values I don’tworkyet, butoncethat I becomeanadult, I will, erm, all thosethingsthat is disapproved of, at a certain point, I won’t do themany more. EspeciallywhenI’mmarried,because, howcan I formulatethis? Erm, it’sguysfrom the neighbourhoodthatsay all thosethings, butI don’treally care. Butifyougetmarried later, good and bad matters. (Ali, 27 y.o.) Growing up with eagle-eyed neighbours – Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences– Sociology Department

11. Dealingwithsocialcontrol • HIDING BEHAVIOUR Erm… there’s a lot of gossiping, especiallyabout the girl. I alwaystried to do stuff on the sly, in a place wheretherewerenoTurkishpeople, as faraway as possible. Erm, I onlydidit for myparents, sotheywouldn’tsee (Azra, 26 y.o.) Extreme case: moving to anotherneighbourhood/city Growing up witheagle-eyedneighbours – Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences– Sociology Department

12. Dealingwithsocialcontrol LYING ABOUT BEHAVIOUR Me and one of myfriends went out onenight and had both been drinking alcohol. Couple of days later, we went out for dinnerwithsomeothergirls and startedtalkingabout alcohol and myfriendclaimed in front of the wholegroupthatshenever drank alcohol and thatsheneverwould. For me, that kind of behaviour is inacceptiblebutapparently, she suffers more fromsocialcontrol. (Zehra, 23 y.o.) Growing up with eagle-eyed neighbours – Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences– Sociology Department

13. Dealingwithsocialcontrol • “BRINGING UP” THE PARENTS • And erm I was once smoking, and andmyfather of courseknewitafter ten minutes! And and “So, apparentlyyousmoke!” I toldhim: “you have to consult yoursource and tellthathe has to keep itsmouthshut! (bothlaugh) (…) I toldhimsomethinglike: “Dadyouknow, it is mylife, I can do withitwhat I want”. (Batuhan, 23 y.o.) Growing up with eagle-eyed neighbours – Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences– Sociology Department

14. Dealingwithsocialcontrol • REPLYING/NOT CARING • Ifsomeonelooks, I pretendthat I haven’tseen, and iftheytell me something, then I reply “What do you do here?” Soiftheysay: “I sawyouthere, then I answer “yes, whatwereyoudoingthere? Ifyou have seen me, you must have been there as well” (Damla, 27 y.o.) Growing up with eagle-eyed neighbours – Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences– Sociology Department

15. Dealingwithsocialcontrol • Behavingaccording • to norms & values • Hiding/moving • Lying • Bringing up parents • Replying/notcaring Growing up with eagle-eyed neighbours – Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences– Sociology Department

16. Explaining factors • Interdependencebetween • Dealingwithsocialcontrol • Attitudes of parentstowardssocialcontrol & “honour” • Embeddedness in/Orientationtowardscommunity • 3 categories of people to bedistinguished Growing up with eagle-eyed neighbours – Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences– Sociology Department

17. THE CONFORMIST THE NEGOTIATOR THE OUTSIDER Does not accept S.C. Acts as ifit does notexist Notembedded in ororientedtowards T.C. A lot of contact withmembers of majority Parents do not care about S.C. and/orhonour AcceptsS.C. Acts accordingly Embedded in & orientedtowards T.C. Few contact withmembers of majority Parents care about S.C and honour • Does not accept S.C. • Tries to getroundit • Embedded in & • orientedtowards T.C • Moderate contact withmembers of majority • Parents care about S.C and honour Growing up witheagle-eyedneighbours– Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences– Sociology Department

18. conclusion • Socialcontrol, honour and respect for family go hand in hand • Dealingwith S.C. dependenton attitude of primarysocialization agent towardsit • Form of socializationby ‘the community’ • Discrepancybetween habitus and (inter)acting • Check on contact withmajority self-perpetuating Growing up with eagle-eyed neighbours – Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences– Sociology Department

19. Contact • Klaartje Van KerckemSociologyDepartment – UGentKorte Meer 59000 Gent – Belgium • klaartje.vankerckem@ugent.be Growing up witheagle-eyedneighbours– Klaartje Van Kerckem - 05/09/2009 Faculty of Political and Social Sciences – Sociology Department