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North vs. South

North vs. South. Life on the battlefield and home front during the Civil War. Military Innovations from the Civil War • land mines • hand grenades • iron-clad ships (iron plates on wooden ships) • small submarines • repeating rifles with interchangeable parts • revolving gun turrets

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North vs. South

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  1. North vs. South Life on the battlefield and home front during the Civil War

  2. Military Innovations from the Civil War • land mines • hand grenades • iron-clad ships (iron plates on wooden ships) • small submarines • repeating rifles with interchangeable parts • revolving gun turrets • machine guns (Gatling guns) • new types of ammunition (pre-loaded bullets vs. hand-made musket balls and lead bullets) • aerial observation (balloons) • telegraph for communication between troops in the field and headquarters • railroads to move troops • compulsory military service - draft • trench warfare • spy networks (including women spies) • ambulance corps for the Army • Army nursing corps (Clara Barton) • dog tags for identification

  3. What do you notice about the locations of the battles? • What effect would this have on the region? • What effect would this have on the inhabitants of the region? • Civil War was difficult for civilians as well as soldiers, particularly in the South.

  4. Although the South lost fewer men numerically, its proportional loss was greater because there were fewer men in the South. • In some Southern towns, the percentage of eligible men (those between 16 and 40) serving in the military was as high as 80%. In Shelby County, AL, 1600 of 1800 men were in the Confederate Army.

  5. Effects of the Civil War • Political effects increased power of the central government in both the North and South • Economic effects inflation in the South so bad that what cost $1 in 1861 cost $92 in 1865. The North had an inflation rate of only 80% compared to 9000% in the South • Social effects disruption of the social order. Many of the males killed in the war were in their prime producing years, economically and socially. Women were forced to step into new roles: nurses, soldiers, masters of plantations, factory workers

  6. • Salt was difficult to get even in states that were close to the ocean. People resorted to sweeping the floors of smokehouses to retrieve the salt that had fallen from curing meat. • Wheat flour was in such short supply that by 1865 the price rose to $500 a barrel. This was due in part to the Confederacy printing more and more worthless money. • Sugar and molasses were unavailable due to the Northern blockade. Southerners began growing sorghum, which produced a kind of sweetening. Its seeds were also ground and used as a flour substitute. • Coffee was almost impossible to get. Southerners roasted and ground sweet potatoes, corn, acorns, or okra seeds as coffee substitutes. • Factory-made cloth and clothing items, including buttons, shoes, hats, gloves, became scarce. Southerners used thorns to fasten clothes together, made shoes with wooden soles (or went barefoot), and made hats of straw or animal skin. A recipe book even included instructions for tanning the skin of a dog to make gloves. • Fresh fruit was in short supply according to where one lived. This was due to the disruption of supply lines throughout the South. A new method of warfare, scorched earth, also resulted in the destruction of much of the Southern produce. Deprivations during the Civil War

  7. ? • What hardships does this writer seem to be experiencing? • What seems to be the writer’s mood? • Do you believe that this journal was written by a Northerner or a Southerner? • What clues in the entries support your answer? • What does this say about the conditions where the writer lived?

  8. ? • What hardships does this writer seem to be experiencing? • What seems to be the writer’s mood? • Do you believe that this journal was written by a Northerner or a Southerner? • What clues in the entries support your answer? • What does this say about the conditions where the writer lived?

  9. Changes….. • Women were thrust into roles that were new to them (e.g., heads of families) that brought new responsibilities (e.g., overseeing slaves) • The agrarian economy of the South was devastated. • The male population of the South was decimated. Some towns lost more than 75% of their 18-35 year-old males. • Life in the North was not affected as much because of a more diverse economy, a greater population of males, and the fact that the Confederate Army stayed in the South as part of its defensive strategy.

  10. EXIT TICKET • Why is the Civil War called the first modern war? • What was life like for soldiers on the battlefield?

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