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Unit 3

Unit 3. A day out. Grammar. New words. n. 日落，傍晚 adj. 可能的 pron. 他们自己 pron. 它自己 n. 岩石 n. 捉迷藏 v. & n. 想知道，奇迹 n. 登山者 adv. 幸好 adj. 幸运的. sunset possible themselves itself rock hide-and-seek wonder climber luckily lucky. Using ‘ and ’/ ‘but’/ ‘ or ’.

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Unit 3

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  1. Unit 3 A day out

  2. Grammar

  3. New words n. 日落，傍晚 adj. 可能的 pron. 他们自己 pron. 它自己 n. 岩石 n. 捉迷藏 v. & n. 想知道，奇迹 n. 登山者 adv. 幸好 adj. 幸运的 sunset possible themselves itself rock hide-and-seek wonder climber luckily lucky

  4. Using ‘and’/ ‘but’/ ‘ or ’ and, but, or 属并列连词, 其基本用法是用来连接两个相同的语法成分, 有条理地表达句子间的关系。如果错用, 会造成句子结构混乱, 语意不清。

  5. 1. and 表示顺承或递进关系，强调前后的内容与形式一致。 The sky was blue. Everything was beautiful.  The sky was blue and everything was beautiful.

  6. 2. but 表示转折关系，强调所引出的内容与前面的内容相对或相反。 It was a great day. We did not enjoy it at the beginning.  It was a great day but we did not enjoy it at the beginning.

  7. 3. or 表示选择关系，强调多中选一。　　 Linda's mother can look at Linda's photos on Daniel's home page. Linda can show her mother her photos when she goes home.  Linda's mother can look at Linda's photos on Daniel's home page or Linda can show her mother her photos when she goes home.

  8. 当两个句子的主语相同时，我们不需要重复此主语。当两个句子的主语相同时，我们不需要重复此主语。 We saw the Eiffel Tower. We liked it very much.  We saw the Eiffel Tower and liked it very much.

  9. The model pyramids were small. The model pyramids looked just like the real ones. The model pyramids were small but looked just like the real ones. We can visit the World Park. We can travel around the world.  We can visit the World Park or travel around the world.

  10. 当两个句子的主语和谓语都相同时，我们也不需要重复此主语和谓语。当两个句子的主语和谓语都相同时，我们也不需要重复此主语和谓语。 The model Golden Gate Bridge was huge. The model Golden Gate Bridgewas wonderful.  The model Golden Gate Bridgewas huge and wonderful.

  11. The model Golden Gate Bridgewas small. The model Golden Gate Bridgewas wonderful.  The model Golden Gate Bridgewas small but wonderful. Wecan go to the World Park by coach. Wecan go to the World Park by underground.  We can go to the World Park by coach or underground.

  12. Places to go 用 ‘and’, ‘but’ 或 ‘or’完成句子。 Tianjin has many restaurants. Tianjin baozi is very famous there. _______________________________________________________________ Tianjin has many restaurants and Tianjin baozi is very famous there.

  13. It is very cold in winter in Heilongjiang. Skiing there is great fun. _______________________________________________________________ It is very cold in winter in Heilongjiang but skiing there is great fun.

  14. You can go to the Palace Museum with Kitty. You can go to the Palace Museum with Sandy. ________________________________________________________________ You can go to the Palace Museum with Kitty or Sandy.

  15. I like Huaihai Road in Shanghai. I do not like the busy traffic. ______________________________________________________________ I like Huaihai Road in Shanghai but I do not like the busy traffic.

  16. The Yellow Mountain is high. The Yellow Mountain is beautiful. ______________________________________________________________ The Yellow Mountain is high and beautiful.

  17. You can go to Shenzhen at Christmas. You can go to Shanghai at Christmas. __________________________________________________________________ You can go to Shenzhen or Shanghai at Christmas.

  18. Inner Mongolia is a great place. You can go horse riding there. ______________________________________________________________ Inner Mongolia is a great place and you can go horse riding there.

  19. Using verbs + ‘to’-infinitives 当我们要表示“想做某事、需要 做某事或决定做某事”时，就会 出现两个动词连用的情况，这时 应如何表达呢？ 同学们自然会想到want to do sth., need to do sth.和decide to do sth. 等表达方式。

  20. 1. 什么是动词不定式？ 主要行为动词后面的动词都采用了 “to+动词原形”的结构，我们把这种 结构称为动词不定式（有时可以不带 to）。动词不定式没有人称和数的变 化，在句子中不能作谓语。下面我们 一起来看一下动词不定式有哪些语法 功能。

  21. 2. 动词不定式的语法功能： 1.不定式作主语 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语， 而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。 It is good to help others. 帮助他人是件好事。 It is exciting to surf the Internet. 上网是件令人兴奋的事。

  22. 2.不定式作宾语 学习不定式作宾语时,要注意掌握:后接不 定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有: want, hope, wish, like, begin, try, need, forget, agree, help 等。 Many people decide not to think about it. 许多人决定不去想这件事。 I wantto go to the library. 我想去图书馆。

  23. 3.不定式作定语 不定式修饰名词或代词，起形容词的 作用，在句中作定语，放在被修饰对 象的后面，请看下列句子： I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多作业要做。 I’m hungry. Give me something to eat, please. 我饿了, 请给我点吃的吧。

  24. 4.不定式作状语 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结 果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不 定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一 致。 I came to Beijing to see my grandpa. 我来北京看望我爷爷的。 I’m glad to meet you！很高兴见到你！ I’m too tired to walk. 我太累了，走不动了。

  25. 5.不定式作补语 不定式可以作补语，如： She told me to buy a ticket. 她让我去买张票。 6.不定式作表语 不定式还可以作表语，如： Our duty today is to clean the floor. 今天我们的任务是打扫地板。

  26. 3. 不定式的语用功能 1）表示“决定、计划、打算……做某 事”，如： We need to help the animals live in peace. 我们要帮助动物生活在安全的环境里。 Many people decide not to think about it. 很多人决定不去想这件事。

  27. 这是同学们最熟悉的表达方式，再如： hope to do sth., plan to do sth.和want to do sth.。我们会发现，动词后面的不定 式所表示的都是未来发生的事情。如果 表示“决定不做某事，打算不做某事”， 就可以采用decide not to do sth.和plan not to do sth.的句型。 这种放在动词之后的不定式，表示决定 和打算的行为，被称为动词宾语。

  28. 2）表示对某一行为的描述，如： It was interesting to learn about the Wolong Panda Reserve. 了解卧龙大熊猫自然环境保护区的知 识很有趣。 It’s sad to think about all those animals in danger. 想起那些濒危动物让人很难过。

  29. 当我们要表示“做某事很重要”等类概念 时就可以使用包含动词不定式的这个句 型：It is … to do sth.如： It is important to build a nature reserve. 建立一个自然保护区十分重要。 It is good to get up early in the morning. 早晨早起有好处。 在这些句子中，it所指的正是不定式所 表达的概念，it为形式主语，不定式为 真正主语。

  30. 3）表示一个人对某件事的态度，如： Are you surprised to find out that whales are in danger? 发现鲸处境很危险你感到震惊吗？ 当我们表示类似于“见到您很高兴”之类 的意思时，可以采用sb. be glad to do sth. 的句型。如： He was happy to see them again. 他为再次见到他们而感到高兴。

  31. 4）表示某一事或物的某种属性，如： Their water isn’t good to drink… 他们的水不适宜饮用…… 当我们要表达诸如“这个问题很难回 答”、“这些苹果不好吃”之类的意思 时，一般可以采用sth. is +形容词+ to do 的结构。 This question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。

  32. 5）计划、方案、时间等名词后常用不定式，如：5）计划、方案、时间等名词后常用不定式，如： The government has made a new plan to help pandas. 政府已经制订了一个保护大熊猫的新计 划。 不定式在句中作名词的定语。

  33. 6）表示目的，如： Our government is working hard to save pandas. 政府正在努力拯救大熊猫。 在英语中如果表示“做某事是为了什么” 时，就可以用动词不定式表示目的，称为 目的状语。不定式可以放在句首，也可以 放在句尾。 To catch the early bus he got up at 5 o’clock in the morning. 为了赶上早班车，他早晨5点就起床了。

  34. 7）表示“可以派某种用场”这类意思,如: Many animals have no place to live in. 许多动物没有地方生存。 当要表示“可以居住的房间”、“可以食用 的东西”、“可以停车的地方”等类概念 时，就可以用动词不定式，在这种句子 中不定式作名词的定语。 There is no place to park cars in this area. 这里没有可以停车的地方。

  35. 8）表示某事或物怎么样，如： The difficulty is to stop people killing them. 最难的是阻止人们猎杀它们。 Your duty today is to send these letters out. 你今天的任务就是把这些信都发出去。 本句中不定式置于系动词后面，作表 语，对主语进行补充说明。

  36. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 to have 1. Don’t know when ______ (have) a picnic? 2. She is very busy today. She has a lot of work _____(do). 3. Our teacher asked us _____(be) careful when we crossed the road. 4. It’s easy for us _________(answer) the question. to do to be to answer

  37. A trip to South Hill Complete the conversation using the correct forms of the verbs.

  38. leave let sit take watch to let Linda: Thank you for agreeing ________ me go on the trip today, Mr. Wu. Mr. Wu: You are welcome, Linda. Where will you choose ________ on the bus? Linda: I want to sit at the front of the bus! I hope _________the sunset. I want _______ some photos of it. Mr. Wu: That’s not possible, Linda. We planned __________ at 3 pm! to sit to watch to take to leave

  39. Reflexive pronouns 当一个句子的主语和宾语是同一人时，常用反身代词作宾语。 The Class 1, Grade 8 students enjoyed themselves very much. Daniel taught himself how to make a home page.

  40. We make sentences using reflexive pronouns like this.

  41. What happened on South Hill Complete the sentences with the correct reflexive pronouns.

  42. 1. You can go and enjoy ________ now, but do not climb the rocks. 2. Soon, everyone began to play hide-and-seek. 3. I’m really enjoying ______today. I wonder where Simon is hiding. 4. Some climbers are pulling _________ up the rocks. yourself myself themselves

  43. 5. Oh no, Simon is trying to climb the rocks too. He might hurt ________. 6. Luckily, the climbers helped Simon. 7. Please don’t tell anybody about this, Linda. Ok, I won’t. You’ re lucky. You didn’t hurt ________. 8. Did you all have a good time? Yes, we did. We really enjoyed ________! 9. Simon and Linda looked at each other. They kept their secret to ___________. himself yourself ourselves themselves

  44. Choose the best answer • 1. The dress fits me well, ____ I don’t want to buy it because it’s too expensive. [2006南京] • so B. and C. or D. but • 2. I am different from my twin sister. I love dancing, ______ she is interested in reading. • so B. or C. but D. and

  45. 3. —Our teacher wouldn’t give us the answers to the questions directly. • —Why not work them out all by ____ [2005安徽] • themselves B. himself • C. ourselves D. myself • 4. The teacher ____ his students to hand in their compositions before Friday. • A. said B. told C. had D. kept

  46. 5. —There is nobody here. Let’s play football. • —No, we can’t. My father often tells me ____ in the street. It’s dangerous. [2006长沙] • to play B. don’t play • C. not to play • 6. “Super Girl” is hot now, but many parents don’t ____ their children to take part in it. [06太原] • A. teach B. let C. want

  47. 7. —Why not swim in the river? • —Oh, no. Our teacher told us ____ here. It’s dangerous. [2006海南] • will swim B. will not swim • C. to swim D. not to swim • 8. Children also need time ____. [06南充] • A. play B. to play C. plays

  48. Learn more about this unit 网络资源 http://www.travelnews.com.cn/ http://travel.news.hexun.com/ http://www.17u.net/ http://www.tvtour.com.cn/

  49. Thank you.

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