Weather-in-the-Cockpit Vision

1. Weather-in-the-Cockpit Vision FAA Office of the Associate Administrator for Aviation Safety NCAR Cockpit Weather Workshop Stephen Van Trees, Manager, AIR-130 August 8-10, 2006

2. Overview • Purpose • Justification • Synopsis of Vision • Operational Concept of Use • Benefits • Implementation Issues • AVS Weather Related Documents • Summary

3. Purpose • Define a Near-term Concept of Operational Use For Weather in The Cockpit • Establish a Common Understanding of Weather in The Cockpit • Provides a Foundation For Collaboration With Others in Industry, Government, Academia • Today’s Presentation is Intended To Start a Dialogue With Other Stakeholders

4. Justification • Needs exists for common situational awareness between • Pilot • Controller • Dispatcher (Flight Service Station specialists in GA) • Leads to enhanced decision making and shared responsibility in making decisions related to weather

5. Shared Responsibility • Flight Service Stations • Airline Dispatch • Air Traffic Control • Pilots and Aircrews

6. Benefits • Safety - Prevent Weather Accidents and Fatalities • Weather largest cause of GA fatalities in the U.S, 200 deaths annually • Weather is causal factor more than twice as often as any other factor in GA fatal accidents • Safety – Mitigate cabin injuries due to turbulence • Efficiency – Aid in Selecting Most Cost-Effective Routes

7. Synopsis of Weather-in-the-Cockpit Vision “Enable flight deck weather information technologies that allow pilots and aircrews to engage in shared situational awareness and shared responsibilities with controllers, dispatchers, Flight Service Station specialists, and others, pertaining to preflight, en route, and post flight aviation safety decisions involving weather.”

9. Operational Concept of Use • Cockpit-oriented Operational Concept Of Use • Focuses On Certification Design Requirements, Flight Technical Standards, Training, and Procedures, and Weather Information • Tied Together By a Network-centric Enabled Operation Such As SWIM

10. General Aviation AC: Ground & In-flight Updates Weather Data Sources Air Carrier AC # 1 (In flight) Broadband & R/R DL SWIM ** (Secure Internet) ** - Only pre-approved and authenticated users allowed access Air carrier AC # 2 (On ground) Gate link & R/R DL Weather Data Integrators Private & Public Sector Ground-based Users Access Data System Wide Information Management (SWIM)

11. Sample Weather-in-the-Cockpit Scenario

12. Implementation Issues • Use of Airborne Data Sensors • Development of Weather Products • Training and Human Factors Considerations • Integration of Weather Data from Multiple Sources • Determine What Weather Information is Needed By Each Group of Decision Makers

13. Airborne Sensors and Comm Links • Airborne Turbulence Detection System • TAMDAR - Tropospheric Airborne Meteorological Data Reporting • MDCRS - Meteorological Data Collection and Reporting System • TAPS – Turbulence AutoPIREP System • Systems use both airborne sensors (cross link) and data link

14. Weather Data Link Product Development & Evolution • Text to Graphics (Today’s “First generation”) • Weather Trending and Probabilistic Products • Fully Integrated Electronic Moving Map, Weather, Terrain, Obstacles, and Traffic Displays • Depictions Present Both Permanent and Temporary Change Data To Crews in an Intuitive, Easy To Comprehend Manner

15. Data Link Design Considerations • Equipment and Displays with appropriate Data Link Communication Protocols • Weather Products • Appropriate Standards, Evaluation and Certification • Archiving Onboard Data For Post-flight Retrieval and Analysis

16. Strategic, Tactical, and Controlling • Strategic • CBs over Iowa and Nebraska, moving NE at 20 knots, tops to FL 450. • Tactical • IMC in 5 NM; a 180 degree turn will place aircraft in VMC • Controlling • Altimeter two niner seven niner (29.79) • RVR… Trending data for last 10 minutes shows a RVR of 400 meters, Runway 12R.

17. Training and Human Factors Considerations • Important to ensure proper use of tools and that tools are human-centered principles • Design training on crew resource and risk management and aeronautical and pilot decision-making • Design software and hardware based upon common human factor functional design standards to facilitate ease of training and use

18. Shared Responsibility Aircraft Cockpit / Flight Deck Information Flow ATM AOC Airline Dispatch & Air Traffic Flight Operations Management

19. Design Certification Issues • Cross-FAR Part Harmonization For Crew Training and Retention • Use of Color in Displays • Electronic Flight Bags • Advanced Display Steering Group

20. Flight Standards Issues • Intuitive Cockpit Display Products • Need For Manufacturers And Private Sector “How To Use” Guidance Materials • 14 CFR Part 61 Airman Training And Evaluation Standards • AIM Guidance and Advisory Circulars • Operational Approval Aspects That Ensure Quality And Timely Data is Available to Support Pilot Decision Making Process

21. FAA Guidance, Outreach, and Training • Design Approval Guidance • Weather Products and Enabling Depiction Hardware and Weather Product Software • Archiving Weather Data • Operational Approval Guidance For New Products and Non-government Vendors • Guidance For Airman Training and Airman Evaluation Criteria • FAA Safety Program Pilot Outreach Training • FAA Air Carrier Pilot Outreach On Data Link Weather

22. Collaborative Efforts Underway • RTCA SC-206 and EUROCAE WG-44 Developing Weather and Aeronautical Information Services, Data Link Standards • Efforts Supported by FAA Personnel

23. AVS Participation in Ring Criteria

24. The Future • Vision Enables • NGATS Weather Concept of Operations (version 1.0, May 13, 2006) • International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO) vision for the Future Air Navigation System

25. Summary • Presented the AVS Vision of Weather in The Cockpit • Should Be Considered a Living Document • Want Comments and Feedback From Other Stakeholders • For Success, Need Support and Collaboration of Government, Industry, and Academia • Send Additional Comments to:cathy.bigelow@faa.gov