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North africa. Carthage is one of the great ancient cities in Africa. Located on a peninsula on the Gulf of Tunis. Carthage is on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea-gave it access to trading routes.
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Carthage is one of the great ancient cities in Africa. • Located on a peninsula on the Gulf of Tunis. • Carthage is on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea-gave it access to trading routes. • A city or civilization’s geographic location plays an important part in its ability to thrive & grow.
The Nile River made possible the existence of the great civilization of ancient Egypt. • The river flooded at roughly the same time every year, providing the people with water & rich soil for their crops.
Egyptians had been living in farming villages around the Nile River since 3300 BC. • Each village followed its own customs & rituals.
Egyptian god-kings called Pharaohs ruled Egypt. • Egyptians believed that those kings ruled even after death & they built pyramids to house the Pharaohs’ remains.
Movement influenced ancient Egypt & the Nile valley. • Egyptian ideas about farming, building of their cities, & their system of writing have come from the Mesopotamians, who lived in what is now Southwest Asia.
Egyptians pioneered the use of geometry in farming to set boundaries after the Nile’s annual flood.
Egyptian medicine was famous throughout the ancient world. • They made splints for broken bones & effectively treated wounds & fevers.
Trade & travel on the Nile River, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea & overland trade routes helped spread those practices.
Islam in North africa • North Africa lies close to Southwest Asia & across the Mediterranean Sea from Europe. • As a result, it has been invaded & occupied by many people & empires outside Africa. • Greeks & Romans from Europe and Phoenicians & Ottoman Turks from Southwest Asia all invaded North Africa.
Islam remains the major cultural & religious influence in North Africa. • Islam is a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of Muhammad.
Economies • North Africa began with an agricultural based economy. • Then it evolved into an economy based on the growth of cash crops & mining. • Today, the economy revolves around the discovery of oil in the region.
Black gold • Oil has transformed the economies of some North African countries including Algeria, Libya, & Tunisia. • Libya & Algeria supply the European Union with much of its oil & gas.
Libya’s labor force cannot meet the demands of the oil industry because of a lack of training & education. • Oil companies therefore are forced to give many high-paying jobs to foreign workers. • Unemployment is still a problem & large numbers of North Africans have migrated to Europe in search of jobs.
North African Souks • Pg. 440 • Souks-marketplace • Medina-old section of a North African town or city with narrow winding streets.
Protest music • Algeria is home to rai. • Rai is a kind of music developed in the 1920s by poor urban children. • Rai was first carefree & centers around topics for youth. • Music is fast paced.
Before Algerian independence in 1962, performers began using rai to communicate Algerian resentment toward their French colonizers. • After independence, Algerian government tried to ban rai. • Rai is now used as a form of rebellion against Islamic fundamentalists, especially by women.
Women & the family • North African households tend to be centered around males. • Males work in office or farms & few women hold jobs after they marry. • Men & women generally eat & pray separately.
Women have made gains outside the home. • Growing numbers of them have professional jobs.
