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Acids, Bases, and pH

Acids, Bases, and pH. Acid Compound that increases the amount of hydrogen ions (H + ) that are present Usually starts with hydrogen (H) in their chemical formula Examples: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Citric acid (H 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 ) Lactic acid (HC 3 H 5 O 3 ). Strong Acids

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Acids, Bases, and pH

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  1. Acids, Bases, and pH

  2. Acid • Compound that increases the amount of hydrogen ions (H+) that are present • Usually starts with hydrogen (H) in their chemical formula • Examples: • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) • Citric acid (H3C6H5O7) • Lactic acid (HC3H5O3)

  3. Strong Acids • Hydrochloric acid = HCl • Same acid in your stomach • Sulfuric acid = H2SO4 • Car battery acid • Nitric acid = HNO3 • Used in fertilizers and explosives Weak Acids • Acetic acid = HC2H3O2 • Acid in vinegar • Formic acid = HCOOH • Acid in stinging ants • Citric acid = H3C6H5O7 • Acid in citrus fruits

  4. Base • Compound that dissolves in water to increase the amount of hydroxide ions (OH-) that are present • Usually have OH in their chemical formula • Examples: • Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) • Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) • Ammonia (NH3)

  5. Strong Bases • Sodium hydroxide = NaOH • Lye; in oven cleaner and drain cleaner • Lithium hydroxide = LiOH • Used in air purification for space crafts, submarines Weak Bases • Ammonia = NH3 • In cleaning products; terrible smell

  6. pH • Value that is used to express the acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of a solution • The pH scale ranges from 0-14 • 0 is the most acidic (strongest acids) • 14 is the most basic (strongest bases) • 7 is considered neutral (pure water) • Anything less than 7 is an acid • Anything greater than 7 is a base • pH is a logarithmic scale, which means a small change in pH is a big difference in acidity or alkalinity.

  7. pH Scale

  8. Acid + Base = Water + Salt • A reaction between an acid and a base is called a neutralization reaction • You get water (H2O) and a salt**** which is a neutral solution. ****If there are equal amounts of the same strength acid and base

  9. Common Acidic and Basic Things • Basic (Alkaline) • Bleach • Soap • Antacids • Household Cleaners • Wasp Stings • Acidic • Fruit (helps preserve) • Marinades (for meats) • Lactic acid (converts milk to yogurt) • Soda Pop, Coffee • Honey Bee Stings • Shampoo

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