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Acids, Bases, and pH

Acids, Bases, and pH. Acids. Release H + ions – so are called proton donors Contain H as the first element in the formula Taste sour Conduct electricity Corrosive – will steadily eat away at a substance Causes changes in an indicator. Bases.

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Acids, Bases, and pH

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  1. Acids, Bases, and pH

  2. Acids • Release H+ ions – so are called proton donors • Contain H as the first element in the formula • Taste sour • Conduct electricity • Corrosive – will steadily eat away at a substance • Causes changes in an indicator

  3. Bases • Releases hydroxyl (OH)- ions – proton acceptor • Contains (OH)- as the last set of elements • Bitter taste, slippery feel • Conducts electricity • Corrosive • Causes changes in an indicator

  4. Indicators • Changes color in the presence of certain substances • Examples • pH paper • Litmus paper (red or blue) • Phenolphthalein

  5. Litmus • In an acid, litmus paper will appear pink, in a base, it will appear blue

  6. pH Paper • Has a variety of colors indicating specific pH ranges for the material. From dark red for acids to dark blue for bases.

  7. Acid or Base Strength • The more likely a compound is to release H+ or (OH)- ions, the stronger it is. • Even if a very strong acid or base (HCl or NaOH) is diluted with water, so it becomes less dangerous, it is still a strong substance.

  8. Concentration • The word concentration is a bit like the word crowded. Low concentration High concentration

  9. Dilute vs Concentrate Concentrate Low concentration High concentration Dilute

  10. pH Scale • Measures concentration of H+ ions. • pH<7 - acidic • pH>7 - basic • pH = 7 - neutral

  11. Title, Purpose, Materials, and Safety Title – Acid activity Purpose – To gain experience determining the pH of various substances using litmus paper and pH paper. Materials – ph Paper, Litmus Paper, forceps Safety – 1. Do NOT touch substances in beakers 2. You must wear goggles

  12. Procedure • Gather Materials • You will be assigned to one station, using the forceps, dip a piece of red litmus paper into the substance at that station. Record color. • Repeat with blue litmus. • Switch stations when told. • One of the stations will involve pH paper, make sure you do not use the litmus paper at that station.

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