The Digestive System

1. The Digestive System Ch. 14

2. Functions: mechanical and chemical breakdown of food        *absorption of nutrients Consists of alimentary canal (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, sm. intestine, large intestine, anal canal)and accessory organs

3. Layers of the Canal Lining 1.  Mucosa - protects tissues and carries absorption 2.  Submucosa - glands, blood vessels, nerves 3.  Muscular Layer - smooth muscle tissue, circular & longitudinal fibers, pushes food  (PERISTALSIS) 4.  Serosa (serous layer) - visceral perioneum, outer covering of the tube, lubricates surfaces (serous fluid)

5. Wall of the Alimentary Canal

6. Mixing Movements Contractions mix food with digestive juices Peristalsis - pushes food down the tube

7. Anatomy of the Mouth

8. Anatomy of a Tooth

9. Teeth (32) Incisors - cutting Cuspid (canine) – one point, Tearing Bicuspids – two points, tearing Molars - grinding

11. Tooth Decay

13. ROOT CANAL

14. Salivary Glands Parotid - ear, cheek Submandibular - below jaw Sublingual - under tongue

15. Pharynx (throat) nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx

16. Esophagus esophageal hiatus is where it penetrates the diaphragm cardiac sphincter at entrance to stomach

17. STOMACH MUSCLES:   Longitudinal, Circular, Oblique

18. Stomach Regions • Cardiac sphincter • Fundus • Body • Pyloric sphincter

19. Stomach Lining Gastric Juices contain acids that break down food  - secreted by gastric glands PEPSIN  - most important digestive enzyme for breaking down food Mucus prevents stomach from digesting itself

20. Chyme - paste, after food has been broken down, released then into the duodenum via the pyloric sphincter valve Rugae - folds within stomach Gastric Pits contain glands to make juices

21. Small Intestine Starts at the pyloric sphincter 1.  Duodenum 2.  Jejunum 3.  Ileum *Mesentery  Membrane holds it together,  contains blood vessels

22. Accessory Organs Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Appendix

23. The main function of the small intestine is to secrete chemicals that break down food and carry the nutrients away in the blood stream.  In one word: ABSORPTION

24. Greater Omentum a  "curtain-like" membrane that covers the intestines, stores fat and lays like a drape

25. Greater Omentum

26. Intestinal villi - increase surface area to absorb nutrients, connect to vessels

27. Large Intestine Cecum  Appendix Colon (4 parts)    Cecum    Ascending    Transverse     Descending     Sigmoid Rectum Anus

28. Function of Large Intestine Secretes mucus,  reabsorbs water, contains bacteria to aid in digestion  (intestinal flora) Mass Movements (defecation) - removes undigested food The main job is  WATER REABSORPTION...

30. Types 1–2 indicateconstipation, with 3 and 4 being the ideal stools (especially the latter), as they are easy todefecate while not containing any excess liquid, and 5, 6 and 7 tending towardsdiarrhoea. Source: wiki

31. stomach transverse colon ascending colon descending colon cecum appendix sigmoid colon rectum

32. Disorders of the Digestive System GERD Gastroesophageal reflux disease

33. Dysentery or Diarrhea

34. Crampy abdominal pain Fatigue Loss of appetite Pain with passing stool (tenesmus); bloody stool Persistent, watery diarrhea Weight loss Constipation

35. IBS  - Irritable Bowel Syndrome The muscles in the bowel wall may contract too forcefully or too weakly, too slowly or rapidly at certain times.

36. STOMACH ULCERS

37. Lactose Intolerance  Inability to digest milk, can cause stomach upset

38. Hernia intestines poke through abdominal muscles

39. When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi Without healthy villi, a person becomes malnourished, no matter how much food one eats.

40. Gastric Bypass Surgery

41. Colon Cancer Colonoscopy is a screening technique to detect cancer.  See Katie Couric's Colonoscopy

42. LABEL THIS!