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Carboxylic acids

Carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids. Methanoic acid HCOOH Ethanoic acid CH 3 COOH Propanoic acid C 2 H 5 COOH Butanoic acid C 3 H 7 COOH. Methanoic acid HCOOH. Ethanoic acid CH 3 COOH. Propanoic acid C 2 H 5 COOH. Butanoic acid C 3 H 7 COOH.

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Carboxylic acids

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  1. Carboxylic acids

  2. Carboxylic acids • Methanoic acid HCOOH • Ethanoic acid CH3COOH • Propanoic acid C2H5COOH • Butanoic acid C3H7COOH

  3. Methanoic acid HCOOH

  4. Ethanoic acid CH3COOH

  5. Propanoic acid C2H5COOH

  6. Butanoic acid C3H7COOH

  7. Physical properties • Physical state: Methanoic acid and ethanoic acid are liquids, while propanoic acid and butanoic acid are solids • Short chain carboxylic acids are soluble in water due to the polar COOH group • Carboxylic acids are soluble in non-polar solvents such as cyclohexane

  8. Boiling points of carboxylic acids • Boiling points higher than the corresponding alcohols • This is because carboxylic acids form dimers, where two carboxylic acid molecules are held together by two hydrogen bonds • This is possible due to polarity in both the C=O and O-H bonds in each carboxylic acid molecule

  9. Ethanoic acid dimer δ- δ+ δ- δ+ δ+ δ- δ+ δ-

  10. Occurrence and uses • Methanoic acid is found in the sting of ants and nettles • Ethanoic acid is the principal acid in vinegar • Ethanoic acid is used in the manufacture of cellulose acetate • Propanoic acid, benzoic acid and their salts (e.g. sodium benzoate) are used as food preservatives

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