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Civil Rights Movement and Leaders

Civil Rights Movement and Leaders. Theory of Civil Disobedience. Refusing to obey unjust laws by following these rules: The disobedience must be public, not secret, because the purpose of the disobedience is to show the law is unjust

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Civil Rights Movement and Leaders

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  1. Civil Rights Movement and Leaders

  2. Theory of Civil Disobedience • Refusing to obey unjust laws by following these rules: • The disobedience must be public, not secret, because the purpose of the disobedience is to show the law is unjust • Even though the law is unjust, the person who practices civil disobedience must accept the penalty for disobeying it

  3. Segregation

  4. Rosa Parks • On December 1, 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks, age 42, refused to obey the bus driver order that she give up her seat to make room for a white passenger • She was arrested and this helped lead to the Montgomery Bus Boycott

  5. Montgomery Bus Boycott • NAACP planned test to challenge practice of forcing African Americans citizens to ride on back of bus • Martin Luther King Jr. chosen as spokesman • December 5, 1955, to December 20, 1956 • http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/montgomery-bus-boycott

  6. Martin Luther King • Born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1929 • Lived in middle-class family • Attended Morehouse College • Studied theology • Particularly believed in Ghandi’s nonviolent resistance – expose injustice and force it to end

  7. MLK’s Supporters • Montgomery Bus Boycott was what made King famous • 1957 – brought together 100 black ministers to find SCLC – Southern Christian Leadership Committee • Southern black church leaders of the Civil Rights Movement

  8. Little Rock 9 • September 1957 – schools order to begin desegregation • Gov. Faubus – campaigning for reelection – defied court order • National Guard troops sent to Central High • Faubus withdrew the troops – students left to white mob • September 24th – Arkansas National Guard sent in under federal control – 101st Airborne protected students

  9. Nonviolent Movement: Sit-Ins • February 1960 – 4 black students sat down at white only lunch counter at Woolworths • Sit in leads to the start of an economic boycott • Within 18 months – 70,000 people participated in sit-ins – 3,000 arrested • New form of direct action protest – dignified and powerful

  10. March on Washington • August 28, 1963 – 250,000 people gathered • MLK gives “I Have a Dream” speech

  11. “I Have a Dream” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vDWWy4CMhE

  12. 16th St Baptist Chucrch Bombing • September 15, 1963 • http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/birmingham-church-bombing

  13. Assassination of MLK Jr. • April 4, 1968 in Memphis, TN by James Earl Ray at the Loraine Motel • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmOBbxgxKvo

  14. Malcom X • Born in 1925 – Malcolm Little • preacher father – murdered by whites • Drifts into life of crime – sent to jail – finds Nation of Islam • Nation of Islam – create a self-reliant, highly disciplined, separate “nation” for blacks • Used “X” to symbolize loss of slave name • Time for nonviolence had passed • Separated himself from Nation of Islam after pilgrimage to Mecca – break sets of struggle – leads to assassination in February 1965

  15. Black Power • Argued for right to use violence for self-defense • African American mobilization for control of economic and political power • Separation of societies • Black Panthers established – citizen patrols because African Americans could not trust white police force

  16. Civil Rights Act of 1964 • outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

  17. Voting Rights Act of 1965 • August 1965 – LBJ signs law • Authorizes federal supervision of voting registration processes • Outlawed literacy and other discriminatory tests

  18. Thurgood Marshall • 1st African American to serve on the US Supreme Court • Lawyer that argued in favor of Brown v Board of Education

  19. Affirmative Action • Affirmative action is action taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded

  20. Bakke v the Regents of California • Bakke was refused admission to medical school even though he scored higher on admissions tests than some minority applicants • Supreme Court ruled that his 14th amendment rights were violated

  21. Cesar Chavez • Mexican American civil rights leader • Organized grape farmers to strike and led to better conditions for migrant farmers

  22. Watergate Scandal • 5 burglars were caught breaking into the Democratic Headquarters in the Watergate hotel in D.C. in 1972 • Tape recording linked Nixon to the crime • Facing impeachment, he became the only president to resign in August 1974

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