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The Gilded Age

The Gilded Age. Chapter 6 Section 3. The Gilded Age 1870-1900. Phrase coined by Mark Twain. Individualism. Belief that anyone could be a great success if they worked hard enough Horatio Alger. Darwinism. Theory of evolution The strong survive and reproduce, the weak do not

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The Gilded Age

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  1. The Gilded Age Chapter 6 Section 3

  2. The Gilded Age 1870-1900 • Phrase coined by Mark Twain

  3. Individualism • Belief that anyone could be a great success if they worked hard enough • Horatio Alger

  4. Darwinism • Theory of evolution • The strong survive and reproduce, the weak do not • Natural Selection

  5. Opponents • Christians opposed Darwinism • Why?

  6. Social Darwinism • Survival of the fittest • Herbert Spencer Combined Darwin’s theories and the Protestant Ethic

  7. Gospel of Wealth • Carnegie’s philosophy of giving back • Philanthropy to help the poor better themselves

  8. Realism • Artists and Writers tried to portray the world realistically

  9. “The Gross Clinic” • By Thomas Eakins • Why do you think this painting was controversial? • (Collins writing: Type 1-three lines)

  10. Mark Twain • Realist author

  11. From The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn • “’Say, who is you? Whar is you? Dog my cats ef I didn’ hear sumf’n. Well, I know what I’s gwyne to do: I’s gwyne to set down here and listen tell I hears it agin.’” • So he set down on the ground betwixt me and Tom. He leaned his back up against a tree, and stretched his legs out till one of the most touched one of mine. My nose begun to itch. It itched till the tears come into my eyes. But I dasn’t scratch. Then it begun to itch on the inside. Next I got to itching underneath. I didn’t know how I was going to set still. This miserableness went on as much as six or seven minutes; but it seemed a sight longer than that.”

  12. Do Now • Answer the following in complete sentences. • Why do you think some people are opposed to tariffs (taxes on imports)? • Why do some people support tariffs? • Collins Writing Type 2

  13. Popular Culture • People had more disposable income • Began to spend it on recreation and entertainment

  14. The Saloon • Free toilets, newspapers, water for horses • Drinks, free lunch • Served as political centers

  15. Sports • Baseball • Football

  16. Most Popular Spectator Sports

  17. Vaudeville • Entertainment with animal shows, skits and dancers • Vaudeville act

  18. Ragtime • Music that started in cities’ red light districts • Scott Joplin • Maple Leaf Rag

  19. Patronage • giving government jobs to people who help a candidate get elected • Spoils System-winning candidates deserved the spoils of victory

  20. Civil Service • system to replace the Spoils System • jobs would be given to people based on merit

  21. Rutherford B. Hayes • Republican who Became President 1876 • Wanted to do away with Spoils System • Received no support from Congress

  22. Republican Party Splits • Stalwarts: want to keep Spoils System • Halfbreeds: want reform, stay loyal to party • Mugwumps: Republicans who leave to support reformers

  23. James A. Garfield • Republican elected in 1880 • Wanted reform, gave patronage jobs to reformers • Chester A. Arthur V.P. (Stalwart)

  24. Garfield Assassinated • July 2, 1881-Garfield shot in D.C. train station • Charles Guiteau-assassin, Garfield turned him down for a job

  25. Pendleton Act • Arthur turned reformer, passed Pendleton Act in 1883

  26. Grover Cleveland • Democrat elected President in 1884 • Pushed by Mugwumps to protect more jobs with civil service

  27. Interstate Commerce Act • Cleveland signed in 1887 • Regulated Railroads and set up the Interstate Commerce Commission • Rebates • Long haul vs. short haul

  28. Tariffs • People wanted to lower tariffs to lower prices • Cleveland lowered them some, but Republicans blocked most change

  29. Benjamin Harrison • Republican elected in 1888 • Received money from industrialists who liked tariffs

  30. McKinley Tariff • Raised tariffs to their highest level ever • Angered Americans • Harrison lost in 1892

  31. Sherman Anti-trust Act • Passed in 1890 • Tried to break up trusts, but was too weak and vaguely worded • Mostly used against unions

  32. Challenging Social Darwinism • Henry George author • Said Laissez faire was making society worse

  33. Lester Frank Ward • Wrote Dynamic Sociology 1883 • Reform Darwinism: people had become successful because of cooperation not competition

  34. Edward Bellamy • Wrote Looking Backward • A book about socialism

  35. Naturalism • A new form of literature that challenged Social Darwinism • Some people failed because of the circumstances in their lives

  36. The Social Gospel • People can be saved through service to the poor • Led to churches providing many community services

  37. The Salvation Army • Gave practical aid and religious counseling to the poor

  38. YMCA • Young Men’s Christian Association • Bible studies, citizenship training, and group activities • Also gave men a place to live

  39. The Settlement House Movement • Community centers in poor neighborhoods • Medical care, kindergartens, English classes • Hull House • Opened in Chicago by Jane Addams in 1889

  40. Public Education • More educated workers were needed • Schools Americanized children

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