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Aims

Aims. Differentiate acute vs. chronic inflammation. Differentiate apoptosis vs. necrosis. Readings: Robbins, Chapters 1 & 2. Terms. Cytokine- Secreted proteins that function as mediators of immune and inflammatory reactions. Secreted primarily by macrophages, NK cells, and T-cells.

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Aims

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  1. Aims • Differentiate acute vs. chronic inflammation. • Differentiate apoptosis vs. necrosis. • Readings: Robbins, Chapters 1 & 2

  2. Terms • Cytokine-Secreted proteins that function as mediators of immune and inflammatory reactions. Secreted primarily by macrophages, NK cells, and T-cells. • Chemokine- Family of low molecular weight cytokines that stimulate leukocyte movement and regulate migration of leukocytes from blood to tissues.

  3. Relationship between Acute and Chronic Inflammation Robbins Basic Pathology 2-8

  4. Inflammation Chronology Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-8 7th Ed. & 2-5 8th Ed.

  5. Major Manifestations of Acute Inflammation • Vascular changes • Vascular _________________________ • Resulting in increased blood flow. • Extravasation of fluid and plasma proteins • Results in edema an deposition of plasma proteins. • Cellular events • Leukocyte extravasation and accumulation Adapted from Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-2

  6. Mediators of Inflammation Robbins’ Pathologic Basis of DiseaseTable 3-6

  7. Histology of Acute Inflammation Serous inflammation skin blister fluid edema Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-24 7th Ed.

  8. Histology of Acute Inflammation Fibrinous inflammation fibrin leaks out of vessels Suppurative inflammation Pus = PMNs, edema, necrotic cell debris Ulcerations surface of an organ shedding of necrotic tissue Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-4 7th Ed.

  9. Vascular Changes Following an Injury • Transient vasoconstriction (seconds) followed by vasodilation. • Results in increased blood flow. • Slowing of blood flow. • Due to increased vascular permeability. • Leukocyte margination. • Leading to leukocyte extravasation.

  10. Edema • Hydrostatic pressure • ______________________ in inflammation. • Due to dilation of arterioles resulting in more blood flow to capillaries. • Colloid osmotic pressure • Decreases in inflammation. • Due to loss of plasma proteins into interstitial fluid. Adapted from Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-3 7th Ed.

  11. Resolution of Inflammation • Return to normal permeability. • Drainage of edema into lymphatic vessels. • Pinocytosis/phagocytosis of edema fluid. • Phagocytosis of PMNs and debris by macrophages. Robbins’ Basic Pathology 2-19 7th Ed. & 2-9 8th Ed.

  12. Summary of Acute Inflammation Sherwood’s Human Physiology 12-2

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