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Immigration (1850-1920)

Immigration (1850-1920). Before 1850. Spanish/French/Dutch (1500s) African (1600s-1800) English----United States (1600s) Germans/Scots Irish (late 1700s) The “New” Immigrants. Reasons For Emigrating. Famine (Irish) Persecution (Jews) Political Unrest (Russians, Italians)

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Immigration (1850-1920)

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  1. Immigration (1850-1920)

  2. Before 1850 • Spanish/French/Dutch (1500s) • African (1600s-1800) • English----United States (1600s) • Germans/Scots Irish (late 1700s) • The “New” Immigrants

  3. Reasons For Emigrating • Famine (Irish) • Persecution (Jews) • Political Unrest (Russians, Italians) • Job Opportunities • Railroads, Mining, & Farming

  4. Population Boom • 1865-39 million • 1890-62 million • 1900-75 million

  5. U.S. Immigration levels • http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigration/immigration_data/

  6. Ellis Island

  7. Ellis Island 1892-1931 • Italy 2,502,310 • Russia 1,893,542 • Hungary (1905-1931) 859,557 • Austria (1905-1931) 768,132 • Austria-Hungary (1892-1904) 648,163 • Germany 633,148 • England 551,969 • Ireland 520,904 • Sweden 348,036 • Greece 245,058 • Norway 226,278 • Ottoman Empire 212,825 • Scotland 191,023

  8. The West Indies 171,774 Poland 153,444 Portugal 120,725 France 109,687 Denmark 99,414 Romania (1894-1931) 79,092 The Netherlands 78,602 Spain 72,636 • Belgium 63,141 • Czechoslovakia (1920-1931) 48,140 • Bulgaria (1901-1931) 42,085 • Wales 27,113 • Yugoslavia (1920-1931) 25,017 • Finland (1920-1931) 7,833 • Switzerland 1,103

  9. The Goals of Ellis Island • Bring in a healthy workforce • Process the large number of immigrants in an organized fashion • Keep out the sick, mentally ill, or political radicals.

  10. EMMA LAZARUS

  11. “…give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"

  12. Chinese Immigrants

  13. Chinese Railroad Workers

  14. Angel Island Station (1910-1940)

  15. Violence *Fire bombings in San Francisco. *Rock Springs WY Massacre 1885. =28 killed. -California Governor George C. Perkins proclaimed March 4, 1880, a legal state holiday for anti-Chinese demonstrations

  16. Immigration Laws • Naturalization Act of 1790 • Free White persons living in the U.S. for two years (changed to five in 1795) could apply for citizenship. • 14th Amendment 1868 • Naturalization Act of 1870 =persons of African descent could become citizens, but not Asians. • Page Act of 1875-First federal immigration law. Sought to prevent “undesirables” (Asian cheap labor & prostitutes) from entering the U.S.

  17. Other Laws • Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 =Officially excluded Chinese immigration. -similar laws were continually enacted until 1943. • Gentleman’s Agreement of 1907 • Japan agreed to limit emigration if San Francisco was desegregated.

  18. Immigration Hysteria/Backlash • Nativism-Preferences toward native born citizens/resentment against immigrants • Xenophobia- an extreme fear or hatred of foreigners.

  19. Quotas • In the 1920’s immigration was limited -African countries no more than 100 -China 100 -34,000 for England -51,227 from Germany -3,845 from Italy • They used 1890 census and limited it to 2% of existing population. • Quotas were repealed in 1965.

  20. Organized Resistance • The “2nd” KKK -By 1924 spread to 4 ½ million -Strongest outside the South -Indiana and out West -Targets: Catholics, Jews, Blacks, immigrants and immorality.

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