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TRACHOMA

TRACHOMA. By Anna Melton. http: // go- near.org /?p=172. Trachoma is the world’s leading cause of preventable blindness . Trachoma is a contagious bacterial infection in the eye which causes blindness after multiple reinfections. . Trachomatous inflammation-follicular.

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TRACHOMA

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  1. TRACHOMA By Anna Melton http://go-near.org/?p=172

  2. Trachoma is the world’s leading cause of preventable blindness

  3. Trachoma is a contagious bacterial infection in the eye which causes blindness after multiple reinfections.

  4. Trachomatous inflammation-follicular http://www.who.int/blindness/causes/trachoma_documents/en/index.html

  5. The bacteria infects the conjunctival covering which leads to irritation and inflammation.

  6. Normal conjunctival covering Infected conjunctival covering http://www.who.int/blindness/causes/trachoma_documents/en/index.html

  7. Trachomatous inflammation-follicular and intense http://www.who.int/blindness/causes/trachoma_documents/en/index.html

  8. Trachomatous scarring http://www.who.int/blindness/causes/trachoma_documents/en/index.html

  9. Eventually, the eyelid will turn inward causing the eyelashes to scar the cornea.

  10. Trachomatoustrichiasis http://www.who.int/blindness/causes/trachoma_documents/en/index.html

  11. Trachoma is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis http://www.microbelibrary.org/library/gram-stain/3089-examination-of-gram-stains-of-cervical-and-urethral-discharges

  12. 1.Elementary body (EB) attaches to surface of cell. 2. Elementary body enters by endocytosis. 3. Elementary body enters endosome. 4. Elementary bodies reorganize into reticulate bodies (RB). http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/chlamyd.htm

  13. 5. Reticulate bodies (RB) replicate. 6. Reticulate bodies (RB) reorganize into Elementary bodies (EB) 7. Both RB and EB reside in inclusion granule. 8. Reverse endocytosis http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/chlamyd.htm

  14. http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/chlamyd.htm http://chlamydiae.com/twiki/bin/view/Cell_Biology/GrowthCycle

  15. Chlamydia trachomatisis spread through direct contact with an infected person. http://anglicansablaze.blogspot.com/

  16. Flies also play a major role in the spread of the disease. http://bjo.bmj.com/content/88/6/750.full

  17. Poor sanitation, dirty water, and lack of hygiene are causes of trachoma. http://sitemaker.umich.edu/aqua/home

  18. Thus trachoma primarily affects developing countries in Africa and Asia. https://apps.who.int/pbd/trachoma/MAPS.htm

  19. Trachoma binds a family to the cycle of poverty. Mother Father Child daughter must drop out of school to take care of family Will likely develop blinding trachoma as an adult Unable to work increasing financial troubles

  20. Trachoma affects the eye in five stages that can be diagnosed through an eye examination. http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2011/jan/06/prevent-blindness-trachoma-poor-countries-2020

  21. http://www.who.int/blindness/causes/trachoma_documents/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/blindness/causes/trachoma_documents/en/index.html

  22. The early stages are easily treated by one dose of Zithromax or bytopical application of Achromycin. http://allpills.biz/order-zithromax-online-en.html VS http://www.sightsavers.org/blogs/insights/archana_patel/16594.html

  23. Zithromax inhibits protein synthesis by disrupting mRNA translation http://pharmacologycorner.com/protein-synthesis-inhibitors-macrolides-mechanism-of-action-animation-classification-of-agents/

  24. Once the disease progresses to Trichiasis, surgery is necessary. http://www.who.int/blindness/causes/trachoma_documents/en/index.html

  25. The SAFE strategy was developed by WHO as an approach to treatment and prevention of trachoma.

  26. Surgery http://www.cbmuk.org.uk/our-work/campaign/nicodems-story-NTDs-trachoma

  27. Antibiotics www.sightsavers.org/images/content/17857

  28. Facial Cleanliness http://fieldnotes.unicefusa.org/2011/06/effort_to_eliminate_trachoma.html

  29. Environmental Improvement http://fiaintl.org/fiaintl/myweb.php?hls=10021&id=7

  30. WHO launched Global Elimination of Trachoma 2020 (GET). http://new.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6668%3Aq16th-meeting-of-the-who-alliance-for-the-global-elimination-of-blinding-trachoma-get-by-2020q&catid=4451%3Ahsd0108m-neglected-d-trachoma-meeting-&lang=en trachoma.org/global-strategy-2020-INSight

  31. Although surgery to reverse the effects of trichiasis is free or low cost in developing countries, the number of cases operated has grown less than anticipated.

  32. Saul N. Rajak, et al. asked “Why Do People Not Attend for Treatment for Trachomatous Trichiasis in Ethiopia? A Study of Barriers to Surgery”

  33. The Top 5 List Lack of Time Financial Constraints No-one to accompany No symptoms Fear of surgery

  34. They concluded “that a locally delivered outreach campaign providingfree or low-cost surgery would overcome or reduce the three most common barriers…” http://www.sightsavers.org/about_us/default.html http://www.sightsavers.org/our_work/how_we_help/health/causes_of_blindness/trachoma/16916.html

  35. Sources RajakSN, Habtamu E, Weiss HA, Bedri A, Zerihun M, et al. (2012) Why Do People Not Attend for Treatment for TrachomatousTrichiasis in Ethiopia? A Study of Barriers to Surgery. PLoSNegl Trop Dis 6(8): e 1766. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001766 Schlosser , K. (n.d.). Trachoma Matters. Retrieved from http://trachoma.org/sites/default/files/guidesandmanuals/History%20of%20Trachoma%20by%20Katherine%20Schlosser.pdf Trachoma Control: A guide for programme managers. (2006). Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241546905_eng.pdf Trachoma. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/trachoma/DS00776/METHOD=print Weinstock , F. J. (2011). Trachoma. Retrieved from http://www.medicinenet.com/trachoma/article.htm Prevention and Blindness and Visual Impairment. (2010). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/blindness/en/ About Trachoma. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.trachomacoalition.org/about-trachoma Priority eye diseases . (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/blindness/causes/priority/en/index2.html Weekly Epidemiological Record. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/wer/2012/wer8717.pdf Water-related Diseases . (2001). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/diseases/trachoma/en/ International Trachoma Initiative. (2011). BBC Trachoma Documentary. Retrieved from: http://trachoma.org/features/multimedia/video/bbc-trachoma-documentary Trachoma Grading Card . (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/blindness/publications/trachoma_english.jpg

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