Digestive Systems

1. Digestive Systems

2. 2 types of digestion systems • Ruminants • Have a four chamber stomach • Nonruminants (monogastric) • Single chamber stomach

3. Ruminants • Rumen – “The Fermentation Vat” • Largest compartment • 80% of the stomachs capacity • Contains millions of bacteria and microorganisms • This bacteria and microorganisms transform food into essential amino acids • Food is regurgitated from the rumen, rechewed in the form of cud, and reswallowed for further digestion

5. Reticulum • “The honey comb” • Inner walls are lined with membranes that are divided into honeycomb-like compartments • Foreign matter like nails and wire is filtered by the reticulum • Acts as a collection site for metal objects

6. Omasum • “Manyplies” • Contains many folds of tissue that line the interior • Absorbs water and decreases the size of food particles

7. Abomasum • “True Stomach” • Secretes digestive enzymes • Acts like a non-ruminant stomach • Functions as digestive unit in calves until several months old when rumination begins

8. Activity… • On the sheet provided label the parts of the ruminant digestive system. You will need to make you picture more three dimensional by using any kinds of items to enhance the ruminant digestive system. • (eg: straws for colon, string for intestine, different color paper to match the parts like a puzzle) • Be creative!!!!

9. Nonruminants • Food is passed from mouth to the esophagus to a single compartment stomach

10. Continued… • The stomach breaks down food through muscular movement and digestive juices • Digestive juices break down proteins and fats

11. Little more… • The primary site for digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins is the small intestine • Undigested food passes from the small intestine to the large intestine where water is absorbed and lubricating mucus is added to aid the passage of material through the large intestine

12. Cecal fermenters • Horses, guinea pigs and rabbits are examples of cecal fermenters. • They all have a large cecum allowing them to consume moderate levels of roughages • Bacteria is present in the cecum to digest roughages

13. Types of digestive systems • Digestion • The process where food particles are broken down into nutrients • There are five processes of digestion

14. Mechanical • Digestion begins in the mouth where the food is chewed and broken down into smaller pieces. • Poultry have no teeth, but use a gizzard to grind and break down food. The gizzard is a muscular structure in the esophagus that contains grit.

15. Peristalsis • Muscular contraction of the digestive system that causes food to move through the digestive tract

16. Chemical • Involves enzymes and acids to reduce food particle size and change food particles into forms that the animal can use. • This can take place in the mouth with saliva • Most takes place in the stomach and small intestines

17. Absorption • Nutrients from the digestive tract into the bloodstream. • This takes place mainly in the small intestine through villi (microscopic structures that lien the walls of the SI) • In ruminants this can take place in the rumen

18. Metabolism • Process that removes nutrients from the bloodstream and allows different organs of the body to use nutrients. • This is responsible for growth of bone, muscle, fat, skin and hair. It also help to maintain body temperature and proper functioning of organs. • It also aids in repair of body tissue, production of milk and young, and performance.