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4 - 3. Elements. Pure Substances. A substance made of one kind of material having definite properties. All particles are exactly the same. Examples Iron, aluminum, water & sugar. Elements. The simplest pure substance.

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4 - 3

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  1. 4 - 3 Elements

  2. Pure Substances • A substance made of one kind of material having definite properties. • All particles are exactly the same. Examples • Iron, aluminum, water & sugar.

  3. Elements • The simplest pure substance. • Cannot be changed into simpler substances by heating or chemical processes. • Particles are in their simplest form.

  4. Atoms • The smallest part of an element that has the properties of the element. • Known as the building blocks of matter.

  5. Atoms • Atoms of the same element are all alike. • Atoms of different elements are different.

  6. Chemical Symbols • Shorthand way to represent the elements. • 1 capital, or 1 capital and 1 or 2 lower case. Ex: O, H, Al, Mg. • Many are the letter the element begins with if not already used.

  7. Ones you need to memorize • Aluminum Al • Calcium Ca • Carbon C • Chlorine Cl • Fluorine F • Helium He • Hydrogen H • Iodine I • Iron Fe • Lithium Li • Magnesium Mg • NitrogenN • Oxygen O • Potassium K • Sodium Na • Nickel Ni • Neon Ne • Lead Pb • Sulfur S • Copper Cu

  8. 4 - 4 Compounds

  9. Compounds • Pure substances that are made of more than one element. • 2 or more substances chemically combined.

  10. Compounds • Can be broken down into simpler substances. • Properties of compounds are different than the properties of the elements that make them up.

  11. Molecules • 2 or more elements chemically bonded together. • Compounds are made of molecules.

  12. Molecules • Smallest part of a compound that retains the qualities of the compound. • All molecules of a compound are alike.

  13. Chemical Formula • Shorthand way of representing a chemical substance, usually a compound; example sugar C6H12O6 • Or • Diatomic molecule – O2, H2.

  14. Subscript • When writing a chemical formula, the number written after the symbol to provide the number of atoms of each element. • When only 1 atom of the element, no subscipt is used. • H2O

  15. Subscript Examples: C2H4O2 H3PO4

  16. Chemical Equation • Description of a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O

  17. Coefficient • Number placed in front of a symbol or formula in a chemical equation that indicates how many atoms or molecules of this substance are involved in the reaction. • 2H2O

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