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CIS 105 Survey of Computer Information Systems

CIS 105 Survey of Computer Information Systems. Essential Concepts and Terminology Study Unit 13. Information. . Words, numbers, sounds, and graphics—meaningful and useful to people. Information System. .

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CIS 105 Survey of Computer Information Systems

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  1. CIS 105Survey of Computer Information Systems Essential Concepts and Terminology Study Unit 13

  2. Information. • Words, numbers, sounds, and graphics—meaningful and useful to people.

  3. Information System. • A computer system that stores data and supplies information, usually within a business context. Information systems often rely on databases.

  4. Data. • Things known or assumed. In the context of computing, data refers to the symbols that a computer uses to represent facts and ideas.

  5. Database. • Any collection of information. Technically, a collection of computer data in related records, with each record treated as a single unit.

  6. Database Programs. • Application software used to create, store, and manage information, organized so information can be updated, retrieved, sorted, grouped, filtered, summarized, and displayed rapidly.

  7. Data Warehouse. • A large database capable of storing all the information possessed by a large organization.

  8. Bit. • The smallest unit of information handled by a computer. A bit can hold one of two values, either a 0 or a 1. Eight bits comprise a byte which can represent a letter or number. • i.e., 00101011

  9. Character. • One of a standard set of symbols, such as letters, numbers, and punctuation marks, represented by computers using bits.

  10. Field. • In a database, an area designated to store a certain type of data, the smallest meaningful unit of information contained in a data file. In MS Access, records consist of fields.

  11. Field Name. • A descriptor for the data found in a field.

  12. Data Type. • Classifications of data, including text, number, currency, dates, logical operators, and files.

  13. Default Value. • Pre-assigned content for a record field, such as a date or number.

  14. Record. • In a database, all the related fields about a single transaction, person, event, collection, or other grouping of data.

  15. Key Field (Primary Key). • A field in a data file containing information capable of uniquely identifying a record in relation to all other records in the same data file.

  16. Data File. • In a database, a collection of related records. In MS Access, a table is a data file. A database can consist of one or more data files.

  17. Data Integrity. • The validity and accuracy of information in a database.

  18. Data Validation. • Procedures built into databases to define and check acceptable input for fields, and to accept or reject the data.

  19. Data Redundancy. • Repetition of data within a database, an inefficiency increasing the possibility of errors in databases.

  20. File Management Software. • Computer programs to organize, find, and print records without a relational database capability to link data files.

  21. Relational Database. • A database with the capability to relate information in different data files using a common record (primary) key.

  22. Data Dictionary. • A tool used in database management systems to track the tables, fields, field names, field lengths, default settings, validation rules, and relationships.

  23. Normalization. • The process of analyzing data to create the most efficient database structure, one free of redundancy and supportive of data integrity.

  24. Object-Oriented Database. • A database structure that organizes, manipulates, and retrieves classes of objects, such as sound, video, text, and graphic files.

  25. Data Mining. • Analyzing data to discover patterns and relationships that are important to decision making. The process of extracting information from a database.

  26. Database Server. • A database program on a local area network, utilized with client programs (such as MS Access) by multiple users.

  27. Structured Query Language. • Language enabling simple or complex requests for data in a form understandable by servers.

  28. Web-Database Integration. • A variety of techniques used to make database information available on the Internet.

  29. Computerized Information Systems. • A collection of computer personnel, components, and procedures used and designed to provide services, collect, process, and store data, and disseminates information.

  30. Point-of-Sale (POS) System. • A computerized system that records items purchased at a cash register (often using an optical scanner) and calculates the amount due. POS terminals can be integrated with credit card authorization systems, as well as databases tracking inventory, sales trends, and customer purchasing patterns.

  31. End of Study Unit 13. Return to First Slide Move to Study Unit 14 CIS 105 Home Page Created by James Q. Jacobs

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