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CIS 105 Survey of Computer Information Systems

CIS 105 Survey of Computer Information Systems. Essential Concepts and Terminology Study Unit One. Computer Fluency. . The knowledge possessed relating to the digital world, the level of literacy in computer-related skills. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1. Computer. .

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CIS 105 Survey of Computer Information Systems

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  1. CIS 105Survey of Computer Information Systems Essential Concepts and Terminology Study Unit One

  2. Computer Fluency. • The knowledge possessed relating to the digital world, the level of literacy in computer-related skills. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  3. Computer. • A device that performs four basic operations: accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  4. Program. • Instructions that direct how a computer performs tasks. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  5. Input. • As a noun, "input" means the data that is conveyed to a computer. As a verb, "input" means to enter data into a computer. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  6. Data. • In the context of computing and data management, data refers to the symbols that a computer uses to represent facts and ideas. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  7. Processing. • Systematic arithmetical or logical operations that a computer performs to manipulate data. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  8. Output. • The results produced by computer processing operations (for example, reports, graphs, and music). CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  9. Storage. • The area in a computer where data is retained to be used again later. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  10. Algorithm. • The overall, step-by-step, abstract or general procedure used to solve a problem, typically expressed as pseudocode, structured English, or a flowchart. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  11. Batch Processing. • A single computer processing cycle conducted in a fixed sequence. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  12. Hardware. • Electronic and mechanical devices used for input, output, processing, and storing data. Physical components of a computer and its peripheral devices. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  13. Software. • The instructions that set up a computer to do a task, indicate how to interact with a user, and specify how to process data. Programs that run on a computer. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  14. Command. • An instruction that the user inputs into the computer to tell it to carry out a task. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  15. Confirmation. • A message indicating that a command has been carried out. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  16. Keyboard. • An arrangement of letter, number, and special function keys that acts as the primary input device to a computer. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  17. Character. • One of a standard set of symbols, such as letters, numbers, and punctuation marks. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  18. Cursor. • A symbol that marks the user's place on the screen. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  19. Insertion Point. • A flashing vertical bar that appears on the screen, indicating where the user can enter text. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  20. Mouse. • An input device that allows the user to manipulate objects on the screen by moving the mouse on a surface. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  21. Central Processing Unit (CPU). • The main processing unit in a computer, consisting of circuitry that executes instructions to process data. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  22. System Unit. • The case or box that contains the computer's power supply, storage devices, the main circuit board, input and output connectors, processor, and memory. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  23. Microprocessor. • Complex electronic circuitry fabricated on a silicon wafer. One of several chips on a computer's circuit board. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  24. Motherboard. • A computer's main circuit board. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  25. Memory. • The computer circuitry that holds data waiting to be processed. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  26. RAM (Random Access Memory). • A type of computer memory circuit that holds data, program instructions, and the operating system while the computer is on. RAM capacity is measured in megabytes (MB). CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  27. Megabyte. (MB) • Approximately one million bytes; exactly 1,048,576 bytes. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  28. Expansion Slot. • A socket or "slot" on a PC motherboard designed to hold a circuit board called an expansion card. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  29. Expansion Card. • A circuit board that is plugged into a slot on a PC motherboard to add extra functions, devices, or ports. Also called an expansion board. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  30. Peripheral Devices. • Components and equipment that expand a computer's input, output, and storage capabilities, e.g., a printer or scanner. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  31. Monitor. • A display device that forms an image by converting electrical signals from the computer into points of colored light on a display. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  32. Storage Devices. • The physical material used to store computer data, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a CD-ROM. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  33. Magnetic storage. • The recording of data onto disks or tape by magnetizing particles of an oxide-based surface coating. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  34. Optical Storage. • A means of recording data as light and dark spots on a CD, DVD, or other optical media. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  35. Read-Only. • An indication that a computer can retrieve data from a storage medium such as a CD-ROM, but cannot write new data onto it. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  36. Floppy Disk. • A removable magnetic storage medium, typically 3.5" in size with a capacity of 1.44 MB. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  37. Zip Disk. • A high-capacity floppy disk manufactured by Iomega Corporation, frequently used for back-ups. Available in 100 and 250 MB capacities. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  38. Gigabyte. (GB) • Approximately one billion bytes; exactly 1,073,741,842 bytes. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  39. CD-ROM Drive. • A storage device that uses laser technology to read data from a CD-ROM. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  40. DVD. • An optical storage medium similar in appearance and technology to a CD-ROM but with higher storage capacity. The acronym stands for "digital video disc" or "digital versatile disc." CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  41. DVD-ROM. • A DVD disk that contains data permanently stamped on the disk surface. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  42. Network Server. • A computer connected to a network (two or more connected computers) that "serves," or distributes, resources to the network users. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  43. Modem. • A device that sends and receives data to and from computers over telephone lines. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  44. Network Interface Card. • NIC. A small circuit board that sends data from a workstation out over a network and receives incoming data for a workstation.

  45. Local Area Network (LAN). • An interconnected group of computers and peripherals located within a relatively limited area, such as a building or a campus. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  46. Personal Computer (PC). • A microcomputer that uses the Windows software and contains an Intel-compatible microprocessor. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  47. Desktop Computer. • A computer that is built around a single microprocessor chip and is small enough to fit on a desk. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  48. Notebook Computer. • A small lightweight portable computer that usually runs on battery power. Sometimes called a laptop. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  49. Supercomputer. • The fastest and most expensive type of computer, capable of processing more than one trillion instructions per second. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

  50. Mainframe. • A large, fast, and expensive computer generally used by large organizations to provide centralized storage processing and management for large amounts of data. CIS 105 Concepts and Terminology Unit 1

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