Converting Waste to Energy An Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

1. Converting Waste to EnergyAn Abundant and Growing Source of Renewable Energy

2. It is in our hands

3. Mission Waste2Energy, Inc. (W2E) is a holding company that controls EnerWaste International Corporation (EWI), an environmental engineering and technology company specializing in innovative thermal processes for the disposal and conversion of municipal and industrial wastes and biomass. EWI is the operating entity of W2E. W2E’s mission is to become a leading global supplier of waste-to-energy systems. W2E is targeting high sales growth for plants that reduce landfill disposal and Greenhouse Gases (GHGs).

4. Company Highlights • W2E was formed as a holding company in 2007. • W2E headquartered in New York. • Commercial office in London. • W2E purchased controlling share of EWI in 2007. • EWI has been operating since 1991. • EWI is the operating entity for W2E. • Technology Center in Keflavik, Iceland. • Manufacturing in Keflavik & Bellingham, WA. • Sales representation in over 30 countries. • 35 employees.

5. Waste2Energy, Inc (W2E) Holding Company EnerWaste International 95% W2E 5% Former EWI CEO Primary Operating Entity - Revenue Generating Waste2Energy Ltd 100% W2E UK Office - Cost Center EnerWaste Europe Ltd 50% W2E 50% Iceland Environmental Revenue Generating LOI in place for W2E to purchase IE’s 50% Corporate Structure

6. Rapidly Growing Market • Landfills & incinerators are poor solutions for waste treatment. • New landfills are difficult to permit and site in US & already capped in EU. • New incinerators very difficult to permit & site. • Total worldwide waste treated by old thermal technology is 180 MTPY. • W2E thermal gasification can reduce waste volume over 90% & ash may be sold. • Decentralized processing reduces costs & GHGs. • Renewable energy needed to replace fossil fuel and cut GHGs. • US is largest biomass energy market in world with 350 plants but producing only 1% of total power. • EU expects at least 100 new thermal conversion plants by 2012 due to landfill cap. • Human waste is good fuel for energy conversion & likely to double in 20 years.

7. EWI Business Lines EWI designs & builds waste gasification plants using: • Batch Oxidation System (BOSTM) thermal gasifiers: • Large, modular / train plants. • Small, specialized-use plants. • Continuous-Feed Mass Conversion System (MCSTM) technology for biomass and larger MSW. • W2E has access to complementary technologies for waste densification and carbon-based clinical waste destruction.

8. BOSTM Gasification Concept Untreated and variable mixed waste is gasified in batches in Primary Gasification Chambers (PGCs) under starved-air conditions to generate hot syngas. The syngas is then conveyed to a Secondary Combustion Chamber (SCC) where excess air is added to oxidize the gas in a controlled environment. Heat from the SCC is recovered in a boiler to produce steam that drives a turbine to generate electricity.

9. BOSTM Schematic

10. BOSTM Primary Chamber • Top & side loading for easy BATCH operation. • Slow gasification reduces fly ash and heavy metals. • Non-toxic residue. • Accepts: • Unsorted MSW. • Animal carcasses. • Whole tires. • Biomass. • Mixed loads. 22 MTPD BOS, Husavik, Iceland

11. BOSTM Primary Gasification • Starved-air highly exothermic reaction. • Reduces volume of waste up to 97%. • Internalized process avoids pollution. • Outputs syngas and clean, carbon-free ash.

12. BOSTM Bottom Ash Bottom ash, metals, and glass after cool down at remote site with no recycling. Bottom ash is non-toxic, virtually free of carbon, and passes EPA’s TCLP test.

13. BOSTM Secondary Oxidation • Clean-burning, high-temperature oxidation. • Generate steam and / or electricity. • High temperature (1200C) destroys dioxins. • Cleanest emissions. 22 MTPD BOS, Husavik, Iceland

14. 22 metric ton / day BOSTM WTE plant at Husavik, Iceland, 2006, with building sized for addition of more BOS modules.

15. BOSTM Environmental Performance – Tests on Bio-medical Waste

16. BOSTM Environmental Performance – 2007 Tests on MSW at Husavik, Iceland

17. Fully Modular BOSTM • Capacity can be added or taken off line as needed. • Plants can be built for current needs rather than for projected waste streams 20 to 30 years in future. • Decentralized processing can eliminate long-distance hauling of waste to central facilities. • Individual communities, military bases, and industrial sites can take responsibility for their own waste rather than shipping it to someone else.

18. BOSTM Plant Layout 2 modular process trains totaling 8 PGCs & 2 SCCs plus Energy Recovery on 1 acre site.

19. BOSTM Plant Layout 240 MTPD BOS MSW plant layout with 5 modular process trains totaling 20 PGCs & 5 SCCsplus energy recovery on 2 acre site.

20. BOSTM Case Studies Large-Scale BOS with Energy Recovery: Small-Scale BOS without Energy Recovery: 4 mtpd MSW. 1 primary and 1 secondary chamber. Steam energy recovery only. Inert ash 5-10% by volume. 98% operating factor. $0.3-0.5 MM capital cost. Annual O&M $50-75 K. Less than 6 month schedule. 500 sq ft foot print. 25 foot stack height. Conveyor or hand loading. • 120 mtpd MSW/industrial waste • 2 process trains each with 4 primary chambers and 1 secondary chamber. • 1 heat recovery boiler and 1 steam turbine – 5 MWe. • Inert ash 3-7% by volume. • 93% operating factor. • $20-25 MM capital cost. • Annual O&M $1.4 MM. • 18 month schedule. • 2 acre foot print. • 72 foot stack height. • Boom loaders.

21. BOSTM Capacity Range • 60 MTPD Process Train will be basis for larger plants • Small size unit typically one Primary Gasifier and one Secondary Combustion unit • Smaller portable units also available • Mid-size unit based on Husavik at 22 MTPD is two Primary Gasifiers and one Secondary Combustion unit • $3-4 M without energy recovery

22. MCSTM Gasification Concept • Reasonably consistent biomass material is fed continuously into a vertical, starved-air gasification chamber with an innovative V-shaped hearth. Syngas produced in the lower zone of the chamber is fully oxidized in the upper zone of the chamber. Heat recovery and power generation are similar to the BOS, but the MCS has cost advantages for larger capacities.

23. MCSTM Schematic

24. MCSTM Facility 2 x 200 TPD Hog Fuel Biomass MCS,Louisiana Pacific, Manitoba.

25. MCSTM Primary Gasification • Automatic, continuous feed using augers or rams. • Totally continuous operation. • Low-temperature gasification in V-hearth produces syngas. • Syngas released up to oxidation in same tower. • Easy ash removal by ram during operation. Innovative V-shaped hearth with abrasion-resistant refractory and no moving grate at bottom of chamber.

26. MCSTM Secondary Oxidation • Takes place in upper section of tower. • Time/Temperature/ Turbulence (GCP). • Can generate steam and / or electricity. • Meets US & EU emission standards after scrubbing.

27. MCSTM Loading & Ash Removal

28. Waste to Energy • Most waste has high energy content that can be recovered as heat. • W2E is forming strategic partnerships for specialized heat recovery as process heat, steam and utilities incouding generating electricity. • Economic energy recovery now possible at much lower waste gasification rates • Historically needed 50 MTPD

29. Indicative Energy Yield from Waste

30. Intellectual Property • Patent pending in Iceland and with Patent Cooperation Treaty between EU and NAFTA • Broad system coverage including batch operation and process control to optimize environmental performance and energy recovery

31. Competition • Landfill capacity capped in EU and declining in other developed countries. • Developing countries now adopting sustainability standards. • Incineration is environmentally inferior to and more costly than BOSTM and MCSTM. • Other gasification technologies require pre-treatment of waste and are more costly than BOSTM and MCSTM . • Only a few credible competitors including Wheelabrator, Van Roll, Martin & Keppel, and Shegers. • Only Energos and Eco-Canada target modular process trains, and their experience is limited.

32. BOSTM and MCSTM Competitive Advantages • No pre-treatment of wastes. • Tolerate variable waste. • Modular design & low cost allows decentralization. • Complete destruction of wastes. • Production of heat and syngas for energy recovery. • Inert ash suitable for road or building materials. • Emissions meet US & EU EPA standards. • Process versus material handling approach to waste disposal – more control. • Recover more recyclables such as metals and glass. • Easy interface with conventional waste heat recovery and steam turbine power generation. • Lower capital cost. • Lower operating cost: • Automatic operation minimizes labor cost. • Few moving parts minimizes M&R. • Proprietary air control technology minimizes auxiliary fuel usage.

33. Why the BOSTM? • Other waste conversion technologies require costly sorting and processing to produce consistent fuel. • Other waste conversion technologies require large-scale, centralized processing plants. • Large-scale, centralized plants must be built to projected peak loads 20 to 30 years out and are nearly always under-designed. • Traditional thermal technologies generate large quantities of toxic ash and poor air emissions. • BOSTM converts municipal, industrial, commercial, medical, tire, hazardous, biomass, human, and animal wastes as mixed waste with no sorting or processing. • BOSTM has lower capital and operating costs.

34. BOSTM WTE Examples 22 MTPD mixed waste and tires, Husavik, Iceland (startup 2006; permitted and designed for expansion) – Energy recovery for local heating. 120 MTPD mixed waste, Dumfries, Scotland (startup October 2008; permitted and designed for expansion to 180 mtpd in 2010) – Energy recovery for green power generation .

35. Why the MCSTM? • High-volume, continuous-feed, single-stage thermal conversion of consistent wastes such as biomass. • Innovative V-shaped hearth eliminates moving grate. • Similar design and manufacturing philosophy to BOS but a continuous-feed, single-stage process for application to consistent wastes. • Lower capital and operating costs and higher efficiency than other thermal conversion technologies.

36. MCSTM Examples 400 MTPD tobacco waste, Gudang, Indonesia (startup 2005). 200 MTPD wood hog fuel, Thora, Australia (startup March 2008).

37. With BOSTM and MCSTM, industrial users Can: • Reduce landfill by over 90% or may eliminate landfill entirely by selling inert ash as aggregate for concrete or road surfacing. • Generate process heat & steam for plant or for sale. • Generate electricity for plant or for sale. • Generate Carbon Credits and Renewable Energy Credits to meet GHG reduction goals or for sale.

38. With BOSTM and MCSTM , commercial users can: • Receive tipping fees for waste. • Receive alternative wastes. • Receive revenues from electricity – likely higher than norm due to “green” classification. • Reduce landfill and other disposal costs.

39. Proven Technology EWI has delivered over 40 BOSTM and MCSTM plants since 1992 for: • State & local public sector. • US Department of Defense. • Private-sector companies in: - Mining - Hydrocarbons - Forest products - Healthcare - Industrial - Consumer products

40. Current Customers • Scotgen Ltd, Scotland - MSW BOSTM. • Husavik, Iceland - MSW BOSTM. • Cayman Islands - MSW BOSTM. • West Caicos Island - MSW BOSTM. • ConocoPhillips, Alaska - Industrial Waste BOSTM. • US Depart. of Defense, Missile Testing Range, Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands - MSW BOSTM. • Crow Business Services, Thora, Western Australia - Biomass MCSTM. • Slave Lake, Alberta - Biomass MCSTM.

41. Past Customers Private Sector: • ExxonMobil Indonesia • MagLite Croatia • BP Alaska • Placer Dome • Louisiana Pacific • Spruce Products • Atco Fruitvale BC • Navapache Hospital • Vermillion Hospital Indiana • AMEC Pogo Gold • Procter and Gamble Indonesia • Liaohe Oil China • Western Geophysical AK (3) • Williams Precious Metals • Barrick Gold Alaska Public Sector: • Grand Cayman • Egegik, AK • Lincoln County, WY • Thora, Australia (2) • North Enderby, BC • Footner, Alberta • Gudang, Indonesia • Meadow Lake, SK • Fort Greely, AK • Nantau, Taiwan • Taiho, Taiwan • Eurest, AK • Bergan Management Philippines

42. Selected Plant Specifications • Dumfries, Scotland - 120 TPD BOS + 5 MWe, startup 2008. • Kwajalein Atoll, Marshal Islands, US Army Base - 38TPD BOS MSW, startup 2008. • Barrick Gold Mine, Donlin Creek, Alaska - 0.5 TPD BOS Camp Waste, 2007. • Husavik, Iceland - 22 TPD BOS Industrial & MSW, 2006. • Ft. Greely, US Army Base, Alaska - 4 TPD BOS, MSW, 2004. • Amec-Pogo Gold Mine, Alaska - 1.3 TPD BOS Industrial Waste, 2004. • Ainsworth Lumber, BC – 600 TPD MCU Wood Waste, 2002. • Lincoln County, Wyoming - 20 TPD BOS MSW, 2000. • Grand Caymans, British West Indies - 2 projects: 2.5 & 1 TPD BOS, Infectious Hospital Waste, 1999. • ARCO Oil Company, North Slope, Alaska - 7 TPD BOS Industrial Waste, 1999. • City of Egegik, Alaska - 3.5 TPD BOS MSW, 1998 (2007 doubled capacity). • MagLite Corporation, Croatia - 3 TPD BOS Industrial/MSW, 1997. • Mobil Oil Indonesia - 3 TPD BOS Industrial Waste, 1997. • Bergan Management, Philippines - 1.5 TPD BOS Industrial Waste, 1996. • Louisiana Pacific, Manitoba, 400 TPD MCU Wood Hog Fuel, 2001.

43. Projected Market Share EWI expects to install 40 new plants by 2012 processing 2 million tons per year or 2% of total world-wide market with extended goal of capturing 15% of global market.

44. Operating Approach • Deliver modular BOSTM to handle multiple wastes in volumes from 1 ton per day to 60 tons per process line per day. • Much larger plants will use multiple modules and process trains with common energy recovery trains and infrastructure. • Similar plan for MCSTM. • Continued development of technical and business approach.

45. Operating Approach Strategies • Execution of approach by retaining: • Research and development. • Technical sales. • Process engineering • Project management. • While forming strategic partnerships to provide: • Detailed engineering and selected technical services (e.g., Merrick, WorleyParsons, Baker, EGI, CCTI). • Turnkey manufacturing (captive/specialized – Iceland and WA). • Turnkey heat recovery and power generation plants (e.g., Turbine Power, Mechanology, Babcock Power, TriGen). • Financing for build-own-operate or transfer facilities. • Other non-core services (e.g., HR, F&A). • Competitive global fabrication.

46. Operating Structure • Center of Excellence for Design and Implementation in Iceland for: • Project management. • Research and development. • Strategic partner management. • Process and basic engineering. • Technical sales. • Retain key fabrication capabilities in Iceland and Washington and move to global outsourcing. • Business & commercial management from NY & London with project finance partners in both locations.

47. Sales Approach • Direct Sales – US and selected countries. • Representatives and distributors (see list). • Products: • Engineered equipment sales. • Turnkey plants. • Licensing. • Build-finance-own or transfer-operate. • O&M and upgrades.

48. Distributors • Energo – Italy. • Planet Advantage – UK and Ireland. • TBA – Caribbean

49. Key Representatives • Tim O’Meara – Hawaii and Pacific Islands. • Michael Kogan – Russia. • Harry Friedrich – Poland. • Helen Sazblya & Odun Kiraly – Hungary. • Wilbur Wee – Malaysia. Each of the above has case-by-case opportunities in other territories.

50. Other Representatives in: • Iceland and selected Scandinavia. • Other Caribbean. • Colombia. • Ecuador. • Chile. • Brazil. • Alberta. • Nigeria • Viet Nam • Uruguay. • Newfoundland. • Other Eastern Europe. • South Africa. • India. • Pakistan. • China. • Middle East. • Australia.