Unit 7: The Civil War April 1861 To April 1865

1. Unit 7: TheCivil War April 1861 To April 1865

2. Bell Ringer:What were the main causes of the Civil War?

3. North vs. South in 1861 Use your notes from the last unit and the textbook pages; (GN 448-452), (CP 413-415)

4. Comparing the North & the South

5. Slave vs. Free States Population, 1861

6. Railroad Lines, 1860

7. Resources: North & the South

8. Men Serving in the Civil War

9. Soldiers’ Occupations:

10. Immigrant Population Percents in 1860

11. The Union &Confederacy: 1861

12. The Leaders of the Confederacy Pres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander Stevens

13. The Confederate “White House” Richmond, VA

14. The Confederate Seal MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”

15. The Leaders of the Union Vice President Hannibal Hamlin (1861-65) Vice President Andrew Johnson (1865) President Abraham Lincoln

16. Bell Ringer:What social conditions existed between the North and the South, which would cause a war?

17. I. The Beginning- April 1861 • Fort Sumter, SC – Union fort, commanded by • Major Robert Anderson, U.S.A.

18. B. C.S.A. Gen. Beauregard demands that they leave. C. Lincoln sends supplies to the fort 1. Confederates attack • Fort Sumter surrenders after 34 hours of • shelling 1. No casualties, but the war has begun E. The North will not let the Southern states secede • Four more southern states secede (VA, • NC, AR, TN)

19. II. The North’sCivil WarStrategy:

20. Strategy:1) If you were the North where would you attack and what would you do to win? 2) If you were the South where would you attack and what would you do to win?

21. The “Anaconda” Plan

22. Anaconda Plan: Blockade Southern ports and • the Mississippi River 1. No supplies or goods get by B. Split the South into 2 parts 1. Divide the army and supplies up C. Capture Richmond, VA D. Bring the South Back into the Union ASAP

23. E. Lincoln’s Generals Winfield Scott Joseph Hooker Ulysses S. Grant Irwin McDowell George McClellan George Meade Ambrose Burnside George McClellan,Again!

24. III. The South’sCivil WarStrategy:

25. A. Defensive War Plan: Defend the South 1. Only fight when need to 2. Cause as much damage as possible 3. Make the North want to quit B. Capture Washington, D.C. C. Gain European support and recognition

26. D. The Confederate Generals “Stonewall” Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest George Pickett Jeb Stuart James Longstreet Robert E. Lee

27. IV. Battle of Bull Run (1stManassas, VA)July, 1861

28. A. First Major Battle 1. 20 miles from Washington 2. Near Bull Run Creek B. Both sides think the war will only be this battle • Both sides fight well, but C.S.A. rallies & U.S.A. • retreats • Results – both sides learn that the war will be • long and bloody

31. V. War in the West: 1862

32. A. Ulysses S. Grant makes a name for himself 1. Fort Henry, TN: February 1862 a. Navy attacked from the River while the army moved into position.

33. 2. Fort Donelson, TN: February 1862 a. Naval attack, but forced to retreat b. Confederate try to escape, driven back c. “Unconditional Surrender” Grant wins

34. 3. Shiloh, TN: April 1862 a. Gens. Johnston and Beauregard attack Grant to stop his advance b. Johnston is killed c. Union reinforcements turn the battle

35. B. Results of the War in the West 1. Union took control much of the Mississippi River 2. Confederates fight hard, and slow the Union advance

36. VI. War in the East: 1862

37. A. The Battle of the Ironclads,March, 1862 The Monitor vs.the Merrimac

38. On board the Monitor 1. Marked a change in naval warfare

39. B. Peninsula Campaign – Virginia: March – July 1. Union Gen. McClellan is SLOW to act a. has 110,000 men b. waits in place for one month 2. Confederates - led by Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson a. much smaller force b. make the Union retreat after a series of battles

40. C. Second Manassas: August, 1862 1. Union heads north to D.C. by sea 2. Rebels follow by land • Confederates defeat Union General • Pope

41. D. Antietam; Sharpsburg, MD: Sept. 17, 1862 1. Lee decided to invade the North 2. McClellan back in charge: follows slowly 3. Armies meet MD along the Antietam Creek 4. Single bloodiest day of war – 23,000 casualties 5. Confederates retreat 6. McClellan does not pursue and Lincoln fires him again

42. Burnsides’ Bridge

43. The Dunker Church

44. “Bloody Lane”

45. E. Fredericksburg, VA: December, 1862 1. New Union commander – Ambrose E. Burnside 2. Confederates outnumbered, but dug defenses and won

47. The Emancipation Proclamation: • January 1, 1863

48. With a partner, compare your answers to the Emancipation Proclamation.What did the North, South, and Slaves think about it?What are the benefits and drawbacks to it?

49. 1. Frees those slaves living in the southern states 2. Lincoln CANNOT enforce this law, but now the war is being fought to save the Union AND end slavery

50. VII. A Critical Year: 1863 A. Chancellorsville, VA: May, 1863 1. New Union commander – Joseph Hooker: very cautious commander 2. Considered Lee’s greatest victory a. innovative strategy: Split his army even though he was outnumbered 3. Stonewall Jackson accidentally shot by his own men – dies