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Understanding the Role of Emotions in Risk Taking Health Behaviors

Understanding the Role of Emotions in Risk Taking Health Behaviors. Tamika Zapolski, Ph.D. Department of Psychology Indiana University Purdue University - Indianapolis. Impulsivity .

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Understanding the Role of Emotions in Risk Taking Health Behaviors

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  1. Understanding the Role of Emotions in Risk Taking Health Behaviors Tamika Zapolski, Ph.D. Department of Psychology Indiana University Purdue University - Indianapolis

  2. Impulsivity • The broad trait of impulsivity has been used over the years to explain engagement in various risk processes, including substance abuse • Many definitions of impulsivity • Distractibility • Short attention span • Sensation seeking • Susceptibility to boredom • Acting without thinking • Emotionally triggered rash action

  3. 5 Dimensions of Impulsivity • Researchers have identified 5 specific dispositions to rash action (Cyders & Smith, 2007, 2008; Whiteside & Lynam, 2001) • Sensation Seeking • Low Conscientiousness • Lack of Planning • Lack of Perseverance • Urgency • Positive Urgency • Negative Urgency

  4. Sensation Seeking • Tendency to seek out novel or thrilling stimulation • Predicts involvement in highly stimulating risky behavior • Riding roller coasters • Jumping out of trees • Bungee jumping • Parachuting • Number of sexual partners • Predicts frequency of behaviors • Alcohol use • Gambling

  5. Lack of Planning & Perseverance • Tendency to act without forethought • Failure to tolerate boredom or retain focus • Predicts academic performance

  6. Positive and Negative Urgency • Emotion-based risk taking • Tendency to engage in rash action due to the experience of intense mood states

  7. Maladaptive Behaviors • Aggressive behavior • Suicide attempts • Problem drinking • High quantity drinking • Risky sexual behavior • Binge eating • Drug use • Smoking • Sexting • Gambling

  8. Interventions

  9. Positive Urgency Interventions

  10. Dal Cin et al (2006) • 196 into psychology students • 3 intervention groups • Standard safe sex • Safe-sex with reminder bracelet • Drinking & driving (control) • Follow-up session (5-7 weeks later) on condom use

  11. Negative Urgency Interventions

  12. Summary • Many disorders or “problem” behaviors that include aspects of impulsive behavior • We have been able to identify two specific impulsivity-like personality traits that influence involvement in risky behaviors • Positive Urgency: • Awareness of risk & Cues to combat behavior • Negative Urgency: • Awareness of risk • Specific emotion based intervention (DBT skills) • Emotion Regulation • Distress Tolerance • Interpersonal Effectiveness • Mindfulness

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