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What is Ecology? Khor Wei Sean 20218

What is Ecology? Khor Wei Sean 20218. Organisms and Their Environment. What is Ecology??. The study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment . It explains how living organisms affect each other and the world they live in. Habitat & Niche.

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What is Ecology? Khor Wei Sean 20218

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  1. What is Ecology?Khor Wei Sean 20218

  2. Organisms and Their Environment

  3. What is Ecology?? • The study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment. • It explains how living organisms affect each other and the world they live in.

  4. Habitat & Niche • Habitat is the place a plant or animal lives • Niche is an organism’s total way of life

  5. The Nonliving Environment • Abiotic factors- the nonliving parts of an organism’s environment. • Examples include air currents, temperature, moisture, light, and soil. • Abiotic factors affect an organism’s life.

  6. The Living Environment • Biotic factors- all the living organisms that inhabit an environment. • All organisms depend on others directly or indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction, or protection.

  7. Abiotic or Biotic? Biotic

  8. Abiotic or Biotic? Abiotic

  9. Abiotic or Biotic? Abiotic

  10. Abiotic or Biotic? Biotic

  11. Levels of Organization

  12. What are the Simplest Levels? • Atom • Molecule • Organelle • Cell • Tissue • Organ • System

  13. Levels of Organization • Ecologists have organized the interactions an organism takes part in into different levels according to complexity.

  14. 1st Level of Organization • Organism:An individual living thing that is made of cells, uses energy, reproduces, responds, grows, and develops

  15. 2nd Level of Organization • Population:A group of organisms, all of the same species, which interbreed and live in the same place at the same time.

  16. 3rd Level of Organization • Biological Community:All the populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time.

  17. 4th Level of Organization • Ecosystem: Populations of plants and animals that interact with each other in a given area with the abiotic components of that area. (terrestrial or aquatic)

  18. 5th Level of Organization • Biosphere:The portion of Earth that supports life.

  19. The Biosphere • Life is found in air, on land, and in fresh and salt water. • The BIOSPHERE is the portion of Earth that supports living things.

  20. What level of organization? Organism

  21. What level of Organization? Community

  22. What level of Organization? Population

  23. Food Chains and Food Webs

  24. Autotrophs • Use the energy in sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into Glucose (food) • Also called Producers • produce all of the food that heterotrophs use • Without autotrophs, there would be no life on this planet • Ex. Plants and Algae

  25. Autotrophs

  26. Autotrophs • Chemotrophs • Autotrophs that get their energy from inorganic substances, such as salt • Live deep down in the ocean where there is no sunlight • Ex. Bacteria and Deep Sea Worms

  27. Heterotrophs • Organisms that do not make their own food • Another term for Heterotroph is consumer because they consume other organisms in order to live • Ex. Rabbits, Deer, Mushrooms

  28. Heterotrophs

  29. Heterotrophs • Consumers • 1. Scavengers/Detritivores – feed on the tissue of dead organisms (both plans and animals) • Ex. – Vultures, Crows, and Shrimp

  30. Heterotrophs • Consumers • 2. Herbivores – eat ONLY plants • Ex. – Cows, Elephants, Giraffes

  31. Heterotrophs • Consumers • 3. Carnivores – eat ONLY meat • Ex. – Lions, Tigers, Sharks

  32. Heterotrophs • Consumers • 4. Omnivores – eat BOTH plants and animals • Ex. – Bears and Humans

  33. Heterotrophs • Consumers • 5. Decomposers – absorb any dead material and break it down into simple nutrients or fertilizers • Ex. – Bacteria and Mushrooms

  34. Food Chains • The energy flow from one trophic level to the other • Simple and direct • It involves one organism at each trophic level • Primary Consumers – eat autotrophs (producers) • Secondary Consumers – eat the primary consumers • Tertiary Consumers – eat the secondary consumers • Decomposers – bacteria and fungi that break down dead organisms and recycle the material back into the environment

  35. Food Chain

  36. Food Web • Most organisms eat more the JUST one organism • When more organism are involved it is know as a FOOD WEB • Food webs are more complex and involve lots of organisms

  37. Food Web

  38. Food Web • Notice that the direction the arrow points  the arrow points in the direction of the energy transfer, NOT “what ate what”

  39. Food Web

  40. Ecological Pyramid • An ecological pyramid shows the relationship between consumers and producers at different trophic levels in an ecosystem • Shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained at each trophic level • The Pyramid shows which level has the most energy and the highest number of organisms

  41. Ecological Pyramid

  42. Ecological Pyramid

  43. Water cycle

  44. Evaporation

  45. Condensation

  46. Precipitation

  47. Transpiration

  48. Condensation The movement through plants The Clouds form Transpiration Precipitation The rain falls Evaporation The vapor rises

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