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Tests of Time Reversal Violation in atomic and nuclear physics

Tests of Time Reversal Violation in atomic and nuclear physics. (The TRImP facility nearing its completion) H.W. Wilschut, Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, Groningen, NL. Contents. What can nuclear and atomic physics contribute to TRV search EDM  other (nuclear/atomic) searches

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Tests of Time Reversal Violation in atomic and nuclear physics

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  1. Tests of Time Reversal Violation in atomic and nuclear physics (The TRImP facility nearing its completion) H.W. Wilschut, Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, Groningen, NL

  2. Contents • What can nuclear and atomic physics contribute to TRV search • EDM  other (nuclear/atomic) searches • Role of (degenerate) opposite parity states • Role of atomic trapping • TRImP • Outlook

  3. Role of Nuclear Physics other searches in nuclear and atomic physics

  4. time time TRV beyond the standard model J d Electric dipole moment (EDM) violates parity and time reversal if  0 then TRV any particle will do: including radioactive nuclei

  5. Weak charge of nuclei was measured via Atomic Parity Non-Conservation (ANPC) Wieman et al. on 133Cs: systematic errors? New searches on (radioactive) Francium (Stony Brook and Legnaro) e.g. Cs isotopes A=114 to 148 There are plenty…..

  6. -decay and new physics • -decay rate Vud  Vus (see NuPAC W. Marciano) • Correlation a…R search for BSM in nuclear -decay (e.g. P. Herczeg Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 46(2001)413 ) • D (TRV)has most potential, complementary to EDM search (probes lepto quark exchange) • same aims in neutron decay

  7. Princeton expt’s on 19Ne19F+e++e A D Slope dA/dE disagrees with SM prediction… “To move correlation measurements into the 10-3 precision (and beyond), it is essential to obtain correlations differentiated in angle and momentum”

  8. Role of Atomic Physics Degenerate opposite parity states in nuclear and atomic physics

  9. The role of atomic trapping • The trap sample: • isotope (isomer) selective • spin manipulation (edm) • point source, no substrate • recoil ion momentum spectrometry • Ideal environment • for precision experiments edm -decay

  10. KVI RIMS Trace analysis Next on menu Which atoms were trapped in a MOT KVI – atomic physics is working with 23Na and (41)Ca KVI – TRIP Ba trapping as intermediate step for Ra (edm). KVI – TRIP pursues 21Na trapping for -decay correlations

  11. Diagonalizing New states I and II EI,II =  d J d New statesLandS ES,L=  (2 + 2) pS = S|ez|S = p sin 2 = p /A p2 Enhancement factorpS /d  105 3 Aa Importance of parity degenerate statesFeynman III, ch. 9 110 2222 1212 p|ez| |ez| pI I|ez|I  0 p |1 |2 -p Nearly degenerate states with opposite parity allow to observe TRV and PNC

  12. Enhancements in Radium some Ra nuclei Nuclei with J=1/2 available 225Ra (1/2 +) (source, from 229Th), 213Ra (1/2 -) (e.g. fusion 12C + Pb) Atomic enhancement more important ….attracting attention … Schiff moments by Flambaum and Zelevinsky PRC 68(2003)033502

  13. molecules: 1.610-27 • • 199Hg Radium potential Start TRIP de (SM) < 10-37 The race for a nonzero EDM… Multiple searches: eventually essential

  14. Isn’t there already an adequate Sufficiency of TRV Searches? Not at all ! We need many experiments to sort out a possible physical origin !

  15. 7s 7p 1P1  2.8 m 1488 nm 7s 6d 1D2 2 1 0 1438 nm 3 2 1 7s 7p 3P 7s 6d 3D 482.7 nm 714 nm 7s2 1S0 Radium 6s 6p 1P1 1130.6 nm 1500.4 nm 6s 6p 3P 2 1 0 6s 5d 1D2  3 m 1108 nm 553.7 nm 3 2 1 6s 5d 3D 791 nm 6s21S0 Barium Progress in Radium trapping 6s 6p 1P1 7s 7p 1P1 1130.6 nm  2.8 m 1488 nm 21 0 6s 6p 3P 1500.4 nm 2 1 0 7s 6d 1D2 1438 nm 3 2 1 6s 5d 1D2  3 m 7s 7p 3P 7s 6d 3D 1108 nm 553.7 nm 3 2 1 482.7 nm 6s 5d 3D 791 nm 714 nm 6s21S0 7s2 1S0 Barium Radium Stable Ba isotopes: KVI cooling demonstrated Argonne: lifetime of 3P1 (Scielzo et al. PRA 73(2006)010501) Theory: level scheme (Dzuba and Ginges PRA 73(2006)032503) progress on many fronts

  16. Experimental result 9000 8000 Repumpers 7000 6000 5000 Fluorescence [Counts/s] 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Velocity [m/s] Slow down (velocity change) at least20 m/s No further slowing because Doppler shift changes

  17. TRIP project and facility TrappedRadioactiveIsotopes: micro-laboratoriesfor FundamentalPhysics AGOR cyclotron Magnetic separator D Q Q D Production Target Q MeV Q Q Nuclear Physics D Q Magnetic Separator D Production target Ion Catcher Q keV Q Atomic Physics eV RFQ Cooler meV Ion catcher (thermal ioniser or gas-cell) AGOR cyclotron MOT RFQ cooler/buncher MOT Beyond the Standard Model TeV Physics Particle Physics neV MOT Low energy beam line

  18. Conclusions and Outlook Atomic and nuclear physics TRV searches • atomic: • Precision techniques (not only trapping …) • Enhancement TRV (APNC) signal • nuclear: • Exploiting weak decay (D) • Enhancement TRV signal (edm) • relatively cheap (Isolde) / flexible

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