The Age of Imperialism

1. The Age of Imperialism …and the Establishment of Global Colonial Empires

2. Age of Imperialism (1850’s-1920) • Define: Control by a powerful nation over an underdeveloped or weaker nation/area/people • The establishment of Global Colonial Empires • Is a form of Colonialism…partnered with Industry

3. Causes of Imperialism • Fundamental Causes: • Effects of the Industrial Revolution: • -Competition for Raw Materials/Natural Resources • -Competition for MARKETS • Other causes- related to Nationalism:

4. Gain glory/prestige as a nation… • Military bases/ control Strategic areas • Humanitarian causes-and the “White Man’s Burden”… • (more about this in a minute…)

5. Types of Imperialist control: • 1. Colony • 2. Protectorate • 3. “Sphere of Influence” • Also: ‘Concessions’ and ‘Mandates’…

6. “White Man’s Burden”… • Define: A phrase used to Justify European Imperialism in the 19th and early 20th centuries; Implies that Imperialism was motivated by a ‘High- Minded’ desire of ‘White Europeans' to ‘help’, or ‘uplift’ the less ‘advanced’/developed ‘colored’ (Black and Brown) peoples of the earth…

7. They wanted to ‘better’:(Civilize/Christianize) these people… • Based on a poem written by Rudyard Kipling… • Will become the ‘Anthem’ of modern Imperialism.

8. IMPERIALISM IN ASIA: INDIA, CHINA & JAPAN

9. IMPERIALISM IN ASIA

10. THE BRITISH RULE IN INDIA • British involvement began in the 1600s. • 1600’s: Traders formed the British East India Company- became rich and powerful.

11. After the British defeated the French during the Seven Years’ War (1756-63) • Britain gained control of India. • British EIC then ruled India.

12. Map of British Rule

13. Sepoy Rebellion (1857) • Sepoys (Indian soldiers in British military) revolted. • Resentment over British imposing Christianity and European customs. • Then: “The Greased Bullet Rumor…”

14. Violence spread across northern and central India. Massacre of British by Sepoys… • British put down the rebellion, then take absolute control over India with a Viceroy (monarchs representatives).

15. The “Victorian Age” (1837-1901) • British Empire under the reign of Queen Victoria • Unparalleled period of Industrial and economic growth, and World-wide expansion

16. The ‘height’ of British Imperial power… • Named “Empress” of India after the Sepoy Rebellion…

17. Indian Nationalism

18. Indian Nationalism • Indians were discriminated against horribly- made 2nd or 3rd class citizens in their own country. • Resentment against the British led to nationalistic and independence movements: • Indian National Congress (1885)

19. Worked for independence for India from British rule. • 1906- Muslim League • Gandhi's work…1920’s-1947

20. IMPERIALISM in CHINA • China had limited contact with West for 300 years (1500’s-early1800’s) • Qing (Manchu) Dynasty had weakened China.

21. Britain (early 1800s) WANTS to trade with China. (Huge market-300M); China resists… • Britain deliberately introduces OPIUM to the Chinese. Once hooked, they now WANT to trade with Britain…

22. The Opium War (1839-42) • Chinese tried to stop opium trade. • British refused, then attacked the Chinese. • Britain had superior weapons, and therefore won. • Treaty of Nanking… The Prize: exclusive trading rights & Hong Kong.

23. Image: The Opium War

24. Opium plants

26. China by 1890s… • European powers and Japan divided China into Spheres of Influence. • Sphere of Influence: area where they had exclusive trading rights.

27. Chinese resentment lead to formation of nationalistic groups—such as Righteous and Harmonious Fists (called the BOXERS by Europeans). • Led to the Boxer Rebellion in (1900)- wanted to expel ALL foreigners from China…

28. Image: Boxer Rebellion

29. Then: Chinese Revolution (1911) • Chinese felt the weak and corrupt Qing (Manchu) Dynasty should be replaced (with a Republic.) • Leads to Revolution in 1911…

30. Sun Yet-Sen –Nationalistic/Democratic leader against the Qing Dynasty... • Sun Yet-Sen overthrows Qing dynasty and becomes leader of China (1912). • He is considered the “Father” of modern China

31. The Rise of Japan

32. The Modernization of Japan • JAPAN- was under self-imposed isolation since the early 1600s.(TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE)-see charts • Then, in 1853, The Shogun (ruler) signed a trading treaty with the USA…(Commodore Perry)…They saw what had happened to China following the Opium War...and feared being conquered…

33. However, Treaties tended to favor the foreign powers (they feared being conquered by an imperialist power) so... • This led to the overthrow of the Shoguns by a new Emperor known as the Meiji or “Enlightened Emperor”

34. Commodore Perry in Japan (1853)

35. THE MEJI PERIOD • The Meiji realized they must both modernize (industrialize) and westernize quickly… • So: In 1870 they began to modernize on their own-without outside help. (advisors only) • Japan rapidly Industrializes, and builds their military to compete with the Western powers.

36. (British/U.S. style Navy; Prussian/U.S. style Army) • Then, In 1904-05 Japan will showcase their new military and deal Russia an embarrassing defeat in the Russo-Japanese war. (more later…) • So: by 1914, Japan had become the Industrial and Military leader of Asia, and one of the World leaders as well…