Pharmacology & IV Supplies

1. Pharmacology & IV Supplies RTEC 93

2. Pharmacology for the Radiologic Technologist

3. Drug Classifications • Name – generic or brand • Action • Method of legal purchase (prescription or non-prescription)

4. Classification by Name • Chemical name – actual chemical structure • Generic name – when it becomes commercially available (never capitalized) – nonproprietary name • Brand name – give by a drug manufacture – trademark, trade name, proprietary name

5. Example • Chemical name – 7 chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one • Generic name – diazepam • Brand name - Valium

6. Drug Reactions • Anaphylaxis • VS • Anaphylactoid

7. Principles of Drug Administration • “The golden rules of drug administration” • The five rights of drug administration • Right drug Right amount • Right patient Right time • Right route

8. Drug Routes • Oral – by mouth • Sublingual – under the tongue • Topical – directly onto the skin • transdermal • Parenteral – by injection or other than oral - intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intrathecal

9. Charting Drug Information • Any time a drug is administered to an inpatient it must be charted • Information includes: • Drug name • Dose of the drug • Route of administration (if parenterally, then the side of injection) • Date & Time

10. Legal Considerations • Errors with drug administration is the most common legal problems for radiologic technologists • Techs must follow charting protocols and document all errors in drug administration

11. Pg. 319 • Do Not Use • abbreviations

12. Parenteral Injection Supplies • Drugs are injected into the body with a plastic syringe. All of the supplies for drug injection are used only once. • The tourniquet may be used again as long as it was not soiled.

13. Supplies for Venipuncture • Disposable gloves • Alcohol Swabs • Tourniquet • Needle • Butterfly or Angiocath • Tape • 2X2 or 4X4 • Contrast & Syringes • Saline

15. 3 parts of the syringe Plunger, Barrel & Tip

16. Sizes • General-purpose syringes • 2, 2.5, 3, 5, 10, 20 & 50 ml • Special design syringes • TB & insulin syringes • Luer-Lock syringes (best for closed systems)

17. 3 parts of the needleHub, Cannula or Shaft & Bevel

18. Needle Sizes • Length • The measurement in inches of the shaft portion • 0.25 to 5 inches • Shorter = subcutaneous, Longer = IM, 1 – 1.5-inch = IV

19. Needle Sizes • Gauge • The thickness of diameter of the needle • The smaller the diameter of the shaft the finer the needle, the larger the gauge number. Inverse relationship with size and # (Ex: 25-gauge very small diameter, 18-gauge used to draw contrast not start IV’s)

20. Examples: Package labeled • “20g/1.5” • “25g/1” • “22g/1/5”

21. Bevel Length • Long bevels = SC & IM • Short bevels = IV

22. Parenteral Drugs • 2 different containers: Ampule & Vials • Ampule = sealed glass container holding one single dose

23. Vial • Small glass bottle with a sealed rubber cap • Different sizes and may contain multiple doses of a drug

24. When you are done with your supplies where do your dispose of them?

25. Questions? • "The pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity. The optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty." Winston Churchill Demo “filling a syringe” • Lab practice: Vitals & drawing meds