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Power System Fundamentals

Power System Fundamentals. EE 317 Lecture 2 29 September 2010. Aims. the History of Electricity Technology Development Chapter 1 – Mechanical and Electrical Fundamentals. History. Early Development (1796 – 1838) First Chemical Battery – Volta 1796 Electric Arc Lamp – Davy / Moyes 1801

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Power System Fundamentals

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  1. Power System Fundamentals EE 317 Lecture 2 29 September 2010

  2. Aims • the History of Electricity Technology Development • Chapter 1 – Mechanical and Electrical Fundamentals

  3. History • Early Development (1796 – 1838) • First Chemical Battery – Volta 1796 • Electric Arc Lamp – Davy / Moyes 1801 • Early Transformer – Schweigger 1811 • First Electromagnet – Sturgeon 1825 • First E-M Induction Generator – DC – Faraday 1831 • Thin Rod Carbon Lamp Filament – Jobart 1838

  4. History – 2 • The First 100 Years (1840 - 1940) • Six-pole reliable commercial generator – 1840 • Subdivided iron core transformer – 1850 • First self-excited dynamo patented – 1855 • Iron wire replaced by copper for distribution – 1877 • First DC electric power system Pearl Street – 1879 • First AC generation/transf./transm. Design – 1888 • Rotary Converters – 1893

  5. History – 3 • The First 100 Years (1840 - 1940) continued • 2-3 phase transformers – 1894 • OCBs invented – 1897 • First load dispatcher’s office (NYC) – 1903 • First AC transmission 60kV – 200 miles – 1905 • High voltage suspension insulator – 1906 • First automatic electrical substation – 1914 • First flourescent / neon tube lighting 1934

  6. History –4 • U.S. Shift from DC to AC • 1890: 90% DC • 1897: 62% DC • 1902: 39% DC • 1907: 28% DC • 1942: 1% DC

  7. Fundamentals • The Power System • What is it? • Electric Machines • Generators • Motors • What’s the difference?

  8. Fundamentals • Prime Movers (World Electricity 1998) • Fossil Fuel powered – 62.8% • Hydro powered – 18.8% • Nuclear fission – 16.9% • Other – 1.5% • OTHER includes geothermal wood and biomass

  9. Fundamentals • Transformers • What do they do? • How efficient are they? • Generators: 13.8-24 kV • Load Voltages: Residential? Industrial?

  10. Fundamentals • Transmission / Distribution Lines • ROLE: Minimize i2R losses in system • Transmission: 132, 230, 550 kV • Distribution: 4 – 240V Domestic • Distribution: 4 - 440V Industrial

  11. Fundamentals • Loads and Customers • Are they part of the electrical system? • Most important loads • Motors • Lighting • Electronic products

  12. Fundamentals • Protective Devices • Current, voltage, power sensors • Relays • Fuses • Circuit breakers • What roles do they perform?

  13. Common System Failures • Overloads • Demand exceeds safety level of equipment • How or when might this occur? • Faults • Phase to ground • Phase to phase • Open phase

  14. Oldest Branch of ECE • Units: volts, amperes, ohms and watts • SI and English units are used to this day • Other key units for generation: • Angular Position (radians or degrees) • Angular Velocity • Angular Acceleration • Torque • Power

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