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New World Beginnings: From Pangaea to Columbus

Explore the timeline from Pangaea to Columbus' arrival, peopling of the Americas, the Columbian Exchange, Spanish conquests, and events shaping the New World. Discover key moments in history when worlds collided.

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New World Beginnings: From Pangaea to Columbus

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  1. APUSH Unit 1 Chapter 1 notes New World Beginnings

  2. Timeline up to human inhabitation of N. America • 225 Million Years Ago - Pangaea started to break apart. • 10 Million Years Ago - North America was shaped by nature - Canadian Shield • 2 Million Years Ago- Great Ice Age • 35,000 Years Ago  - The oceans were glaciers and the sea level dropped, leaving an isthmus connecting Asia and North America.  The Bering Isthmus was crossed by people going into North America. • 10,000 Years Ago  - Ice started to retreat and melt, raising the sea levels and covering up the Bering Isthmus.

  3. Peopling the Americas • Bering Land Bridge • At the time of Columbus, 54 million natives were in the Americas.

  4. The Earliest Americans • Overall low population density • Except Mexico and the Aztecs

  5. Tenochtitlan: Aztec Capital City

  6. Europeans Enter Africa • The Portuguese invent the Caravel • They began the slave trade along the African coast.

  7. Columbus Comes Upon A New World • Columbus was looking for an alternate route to Asia.

  8. Columbus’ Goal

  9. Map that Influenced Columbus

  10. When Worlds Collide • Possibly 3/5 of the crops cultivated around the world today originated in the Americas. • Increase in global commerce (Globalization) • The Columbian Exchange • Natives die of disease • Taino[ty-no] tribe of Hispaniola

  11. The Columbian Exchange

  12. Encomienda • The Weak pay tribute to the Strong for protection.

  13. The Spanish Conquistadores • Treaty of Tordesillas • Spain and Portugal • In search of God, Gold, Glory • Mestizos • Spanish + Native = Mestizo

  14. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

  15. The Conquest of Mexico (1519-1521) • Hernan Cortes – Set sail from Hispaniola • Help from Malinche • Tenochtitlan • Aztec population • 20 million to 2 million

  16. The Spread of Spanish America • Protection from Florida • St. Augustine • Pueblo Revolt (Pope’s Rebellion) • Present Day New Mexico: 400 Spanish dead and driven out of the area. • Black Legend

  17. St. Augustine, Florida Inside and Outside of Castillo de San Marcos

  18. Pope’s Rebellion (Pueblo Revolt)

  19. Black Legend Engraving from the Late 1500s showing a Spaniard feeding native children to dogs.

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