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The APA System of Documentation

The APA System of Documentation. Darren 9410097A Benny 9410099A Pablo 9410905A. Parenthetical documentation: Author-date (APA). APA format in citation author’s name + date of publication last name only

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The APA System of Documentation

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  1. The APA System of Documentation Darren 9410097A Benny 9410099A Pablo 9410905A

  2. Parenthetical documentation: Author-date (APA) APA format in citation author’s name + date of publication last name only Ex: Lily Allen 2004

  3. Allen(2004) found that all the students considered peer response helpful in regard to audience perspective and idea development. A study found that all the students considered peer response helpful in regard to audience perspective and idea development (Allen, 2004). Citation needs no page number.

  4. Quotation needs page number With regard to students’ attitudes towards peer response, research also shows mixed findings (Huang, 1995, p. 4). abbreviation p. One page pp. More than one page

  5. 10a-1 Examples of APA in-text citations to books • One work by a single author Ex: Potter (2003) found that writing teachers tend to be careless, exhausted or insensitive; their comments are unhelpful and confusing. In a recent study (Potter, 2003), writing teachers tend to be careless, exhausted or insensitive; their comments are unhelpful and confusing.

  6. b. Subsequent references In a study (Humphrey, 2001), obesity has a strong possibility to cause high blood pressure. Humphrey also found that…

  7. c. One work by two authors According to Brown and Austin (2007), the greenhouse effect is getting worse throughout the world. A study showed that greenhouse effect is getting worse throughout the world (Brown & Austin, 2007).

  8. d. One work by three to five authors First time- Baker ,David, Holland, Spears (1999) indicated that…. Second time- Baker et al. (1999) also found…

  9. e. Work by six or more authors Benet, Hudson, Thomas, Allen, and Shang (2001) and Benet, Hudson, Hong, Allen, and Shang (2001) Benet, Hudson, Thomas, et al. (2001) and Benet, Hudson, Hong, et al. (2001)

  10. f. Corporate author A committee, an institution, a corporation, a government agency. First time- (The Child Welfare League Foundation [CWLF], 2005) Second time- (CWLF, 2005) (Yale University, 2003) do not use abbreviation (Fedex express, 2007)

  11. g. Works by an anonymous author or no author anonymous (Anonymous, 2004) No author information write the first two or three words from the article Ex: One study shows that the number of women in their forties returning to college continues to grow(“New educational horizons,” 2002). Court cases italic. Ex: (Baker v. Carr, 1962)

  12. h. Authors with the same surname Two or more authors with the same surname Ex: Jessica Ann Simpson(1980) Ashlee Nicole Simpson(1985) J. A. Simpson (1980) and A. N. Simpson (1985) studied both aspects of….

  13. i. Two or more works in the same parentheses The same author has two or more papers to support the same points. Ex: Past studies (Bass, 2005, 2006) showed …. or Past studies (Bass, 2005, 2006, in press) revealed….

  14. If the author has different papers published in the same year cited as a, b, c, and so on Ex: According to these studies (Shang, 2002a, 2002b, in press) the obstacles of …. Cited according to the authors’ alphabet-use semicolons to separate the names Ex: (Alice & Banks, 1980; Bree, 1980;Lewis & Barker, 1981) found that ….

  15. j. References to specific parts of a source Page number, figure number, and table number Ex: (Smith & White, 1999, pp. 25-30) (Spear, 2001, Fig. 5) (Table 2.4, p. 8)

  16. k. Personal communications Letters, e-mail, and telephone conversations can not be references. only in text Ex: (M. Shang, personal communication, November 21, 2008) or M. Shang (personal communication, November 21, 2008) approved that peer feedback can enhance students’ writing ability.

  17. l. Citation as part of a parenthetical comment If a citation is a comment, commas are better to set the date. Ex: (See Appendix A of Jenkins, 1983, for additional proof.)

  18. 10a-2 Avoiding clutter in the text Ex: A study found that the weakness of listening English programs is not able to improve listening ability (Smith, 1994). (Brady, 1995; Kingston, 1997; Powter, 2000) also revealed the same result. In 1994 Smith found that the weakness of listening English programs is not able to improve listening ability. Brady (1995), Kingston (1997), Powter (2000) also revealed the same result.

  19. 10b Format for “Reference” (APA) • Start the references on a new page. • Center the title “References” one double-space down from the running head. • Cite only the sources you actually used in the paper, not sources you consulted. • List titles by the same author chronologically, not alphabetically.

  20. 5. Indent the second and subsequent lines of each entry five spaces. Volman, M. (1997). Gender-related effects of information and computer literacy education. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 29(3), 315-328. 6. Place a period followed by one space between all of the elements in each entry. 7. Italicize the titles of books, periodicals, and volume numbers.

  21. 10b-1 General order for books in “ References” • The name of the author. • The year of publication. • The title of the book in italic. • The place of publication. • The name of the publisher. Wright, W. A., Hwerwis, E. M., & Abernethy, B. (2001). Learning through writing: a compendium of assignments and techniques. Halifax, Canada: Dalhousie University.

  22. 10b-2 Sample reference to books a. Book by s single author Weisberger, L. (2006). The devil wears prada. New York: Harper Collins. b. Book by two or more authors Winkler, A. C., & McCuen-Metherell, J. R. (2007). Writing the research paper (7th ed.). Boston: Thomson Wadsworth. *If more than 6 editors: et al Jones, E., & Terman, L. M., & Merrill, M. A., & Castuera, I. O., & Johnson, T. H., & Phillips, J. M., et al.

  23. c. Edited book Friedman,R. J., & Katz, M. M. (Eds.). (1974). The psychology of depression: Contemporary theory and research. New York: Wiley. *Citing an article from an edited book Waxer, P. (1979). Therapist training in nonverbal behavior. In A. wolfgang (Ed.), Nonverbal behavior:Applications and cultural implications(pp. 221-240). New York: Academic Press. d. Translated book Rank, O. (1932). Psychology and the soul(W. Turner, Trans.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

  24. e. Book in a foreign language Saint-Exupéry, A. de. (1939). Terre des hommes[Earth of men]. Paris: Gallimard. f. Revised edition of a book Winkler, A. C., & McCuen-Metherell, J. R. (2007). Writing the research paper(7th ed.). Boston: Thomson Wadsworth. g. Book by a corporate author Committee of Public Finance. (1959). Public finance. New York: Pitman. *the corporate author = publisher Commission on Intergovernmental Relations. (1955). Report to the president. Washington, DC: Author.

  25. h. Multivolume book Reusch, J. (1980). Communication and psychiatry. In H. I. Kaplan, A. M. freedman, & B. J. Saddck (Eds.), Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry: Vol. 1. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. *Being published for several years Reusch, J. (1980-1985). i. Unpublished manuscript Lopez, M. R. (2006). Health problems of immigrants in San Bernardino County.Unpublished manuscript.

  26. 10b-3 General order for periodicals in “Reference” • Author’s name • Year of publication • Title (no “” or italic) • Name of journal or magazine, in italic • Volume number, in italic • Page number (no p. or pp.)

  27. 10b-4 Sample reference to periodicals a. Journal article, one author Zamel, V. (1985). Responding to student writing.TESOL Quarterly, 19, 79-102. b. Journal article, up to six authors Martin, N., & Brandt, D. (1989). Response to writing as a context for learning to write. Journal of Basic Writing, 17, 3-17. c. Journal article, paginated anew in each issue Kung, C. C. (1991). The effects of different note-taking strategies on learning achievement by tenth-grade earth science students. (Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University, 1990. Dissertation AbstractsInternational, 52, (3-A), 792-793.

  28. d. Journal with continuous pagination throughout the annual volume Anthony, R. G., & Smith, N. S. (1997). Ecologiccal relationships between mule deer and white-tailed deer in southeastern Arizona. Ecological Monographs, 47, 255- 277. e. Magazine article, magazine issued monthly *needing to put year and month Kernan, M. (2001, October). Head’s up: From a computer- generated model, sculptors cast a bronze triceratops that looks like the real thing. Smithsonian, 34-36.

  29. f. Magazine article, magazine issued on a specific day Kalfayou, M. (1997, November5). As a womwan sees it: Honk for domestic violence. The American Observer, 3. g. Newspaper article Neihu, J. (2008, December 6). Johnny Neihu’s news watch: Japan and the chicom cape fear. Taipei Times, p.8. h. Editorial Guion, R. M. (1983). Comments from the new editor [Editorial]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 547. *no title Guion, R. M. (1983). [Editorial]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 547.

  30. i. Letter to the editor Redgrave, L (2006, May/June). All the right movies [Letter to the editor]. AARP, p. 6. *no title Redgrave, L (2006, May/June). [Letter to the editor]. AARP, p. 6. j. Review Boorstein, J. K. (1983, November/December). On welfare [review of the article Dilemmas of welfare policy: Why work strategies haven’t worked]. Society, pp. 120-122.

  31. 10b-5 Sample references to electronic sources 1. Author 2. Data (year-month-day) 3. Title (no “”) 4.Source, in italic 5.The word retrieved and from Example: Tharoor, S. (2008, December 6). Indians facing a conundrum over Mumbai attack. Taipei Times. Retrieved December 6, 2008, Fromhttp://www. taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2008 /12/06/2003430410

  32. a. Abstract online Xu, J. (2008). Model of secindary sachool students’ interest in homework: A multilevel analysis. ProQuest. Abstract retrieved December 6, 2008, from http://proguest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&sid =3&srchmode=2&vinst=PROD&fmt=2&startpage=- 1&clientid=48072&vname=PQD&RQT=309&did=16 07386481&scaling=FULL&ts=1228585352&vtype= PQD&rqt=309&TS=1228585366&clientID=48072 b. CD-ROM Psychoanalysis. (2002). Microsoft Encarta Reference Library [CD-ROM]. Seattle, WA: Microsoft Corporation.

  33. c. Computer program Dragon NaturallySpeaking (version 9, preferred edition for Windows) [computer software]. (2006) Burlington, MA: Nuance, Inc. d. Corporate website IDG, Inc. (2001). Report: Job cut in 2001 reach nearly 2 million. Retrieved January 4, 2002, from http:// idg.net/ e. E-mail McCuen, J. (2001,march 21). Give genius a chance [Msg 12]. Message posted to http://group.......

  34. f. FTP source Zeleznikar, A. P. (1997, March 2). Informational theory of consciousness. Informatica: An Internet Journal of Computing and Informatics, 21, 3. Retrieved May 4, 2002, from ftp://ftp. arnes.si/magazines/informatica/vol21_3.97 g. Gopher Jordan, Z. P. (1995, July 7). Telecommunications green paper. The ministry of posts, telecommunications and broadcasting. Retrieved July 17, 2002, from gopher://gopher..... Gopher→

  35. h. Government website Liberaray of Congress. (1999, July 9). Official U.S. executive branch web sites. Retrieved April 6, 2002, from http:// www… i. Electronic mailing list (Listserv) Pyatt, E. J. (2001, Setember 24). RE: Everson typography. The Celtic Lingustics List. Retrieved January 5, 2002, from http://listserv.... j. MOOs and MUDs (synchronous communication) Miami University, Oxford, OH. Basic MOO buliding commands. Retrieved Setember 15, 2002, from http:// miavx1….

  36. k. Online book Green, E. C. (1997). Southern strategies:Southern women and the women suffrage question. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. Retrieved October 3, 2002, from http://www.... l. Online database Huang, S. (2008, December 6). Doctors link fat heart muscles to Fabry’s disease. Taipei Times. Retrieved from http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/ 12/06/2003430421 m. Online Dictionary Tricky. (2001). Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved Devember 6, 2008, from http://www.etyonline.com/index .php?term=trick

  37. n. Online encyclopedia Washington, George. (2001). Wikimedia. Restrieved December 6, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ George_Washington o. Online magazine article – author listed Miller, M. (2008, December 6). Sony Ericsson XPERIA X1 reviewers are quite impressed with this powerhouse. ZDNet News. Retrieved December 6, 2008, from http:// blogs.zdnet.com/cell-phones/?p=359 *if the article has been published in print Miller, M. (2008, December 6). Sony Ericsson XPERIA X1 reviewers are quite impressed with this powerhouse. [Electronic version]. ZDNet News. Retrieved December 6, 2008, from http://blogs.zdnet.com/cell-phones/?p=359

  38. p. Onlone magazine article – no author listed The Consumers’ League of New York. (2004, January). Consumers’ cooperative societies in New York State. Retrieved December 6, 2008, from http://www.gutenberg .org/dirs/1/0/8/0/10808.txt q. Telnet = BBS (Example - telnet://bbs.isu.edu.tw ) Asimov, I. (1991, May 22). Of butterflies and the origain of the species. San Francisco chronicle. Retrieved January 5, 2002, from telent://nyplgate.nypl.org r. Usenet Peterson, B. (1994, January 11). Re:Bob Marley discography. Message posted to http://group....

  39. s. Website – author listed Sauve, D. (1998). The brief biography of Harry Crews. Alarge & startling figure. Restrieved December 6, 2008, from http://www.harrycrews.com/ t. Website – no author listed Hawaiian Airlines (2008). Color of Hawaii. Restrieved December 6, 2008, from http://www.hawaiianair.com/ SpecialOffers/Pages/colors-of-hawaii-autumn.aspx

  40. u. Message posted to a group 1. List full-name 2. Exact date 3. Subject & [additional identifier], no italic 4. Typing Message posted to Example Osborne, D. (2006, September 12). Help in recruiting AV helpers [weekly forum]. Message posted to http://www....

  41. 10b-6 Sample References toNon-print MaterialsFilms & Audio Recording

  42. a. Motion Picture Wei, D. S. (Producer), & Wei, D. S. (Director). (2008). Cape No. 7 [Motion Picture]. Taipei, Taiwan. →Always specify the medium in brackets to avoid confusion

  43. b. Audio Recording Cassette, record, tape, compact disc Flowers, B. (Speaker). (2008). Day & Age (Tape audio recording No. 777). London: Stuart Price.

  44. 10b-7 Sample References to Special Items Government Documents, Legal References, & A Report

  45. Sample References to Special Items • Definition: Source that can not be supplied for every possibility. • Follow the order: (1) Person or organization responsible for the work (2) Year (3) Title (4) Identifying code (5) Place of origin (6) publisher

  46. a. Government Documents (i) Congress U.S. Cong. House. (1997). US. Assistance programs in Thailand. 109th Cong., 3rd sess. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO. (ii) Executive branch Obama, B. (2009). State of the union address. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO

  47. b. Legal References (i) Court case Order: (1) plaintiff v. defendant (in roman) (2) volume, name, page of law reported cited (3) the name of the court that decided the case Tom v. Jerry. 567 S.W.2d 924 (Tex. Civ. App. 2008)

  48. b. Legal References (ii) Statute or laws commonly known: the simple the better US. Const. Art. III, sec. 2. Securities Act of 1933, U.S. U.S. Const. Art. III, sec. 2. 15 U.S.C. § 78j. (1964) lesser-known: supply additional information 90 U.S. Statutes at Large. 505 (1976) Nuclear Waste Policy Act, Part I, sec. 112 (a) Energy Conservation and Production Act, Title I, Part A, sec. 101, 42 USC 6901, 1976

  49. b. Legal References (iii) Treaty Technical Cooperation Agreement Between the Government of the Royal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Government of the United States of America. (1976). Treaties and Other International Agreements. Vol. 26, Part 1, TAIS No. 8072. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO.

  50. c. A Report Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (1983). Assessing the impacts of technology in society(Report No. CSOS-R-292). Washington, DCL U.S. GPO Sacramento, CA: Author. Identifying words & code

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