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Naming the invisible

Naming the invisible. Nomenclature and notation. 1. Nomenclature. a) Definition: System of official names given to chemical compounds in the field of science E.g. carbon dioxide sodium chloride. Nomenclature. b) Steps for binary covalent molecules

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Naming the invisible

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  1. Naming the invisible Nomenclature and notation

  2. 1. Nomenclature a) Definition: • System of official names given to chemical compounds in the field of science • E.g. carbon dioxide sodium chloride

  3. Nomenclature b) Steps for binary covalent molecules For naming molecules made up of 2 types of non-metals • 1. name the 1st element • 2. change the name of the second element to end in ide • 3. Add, if needed, a prefix or prefixes to specify the number of atoms of each element

  4. Nomenclature • Step 3 (Continued) • List of prefixes • 2 di • 3 tri • 4 tetra • 5 penta • 6 hexa • 7 octa

  5. For example… • CO2 • Made up of two types of non-metals (carbon and oxygen) • Name the 1st element: carbon • Change the 2nd element: oxygen → oxide • Add the prefixes: there are 2 oxygen atoms The prefix for 2 is di CARBON DIOXIDE

  6. Nomenclature c) Steps for ionic molecules Combination between a metal and a non-metal • 1. name the 1st element • 2. change the name of the second element • end in ide ** Prefixes are not required

  7. For example… • NaCl • Made up of a metal and a non-metal (sodium and chlorine) • Name the 1st element: Sodium • Change the 2nd element: chlorine→ chloride SODIUM CHLORIDE

  8. Nomenclature d) Steps for molecules made of 3 or more types of atoms • 1. Look for polyatomic ions • 2. Name the components starting with the positive ion and then the negative ion. • ** It is not necessary to add prefixes

  9. For example… • KOH • Made up of three different elements (sodium and chlorine) • Find the polyatomic ion (OH-) • Name the 1st element: Potassium • Name the polyatomic ion: Hydroxide POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

  10. What is all this talk about ions 2. An Ion: • Atom with more or less electron than usual, therefore that is electrically charged • Will have an ionic charge based on its valence electrons 3. A Polyatomic Ion: • A grouping of elements that are not yet stable. They are chemically bound together yet still possess a charge. 2+ 1- Ca Cl + NH4

  11. 4. Notation • Definition: • Chemical notation (chemical formulas) is a way to express information about the composition of a compound • E.g. H2O C6H12O6

  12. Notation • a) Steps for covalent molecules • 1. Find the symbol for the 1st element • 2. Find the symbol for the 2nd element • 3. Add necessary subscript numbers if prefixes are present

  13. Notation • b) Steps for ionic molecules (and polyatomic ions) • 1. Find the symbol for the 1st element or polyatomic ion • 2. Find the symbol for the 2nd element or polyatomic ion • 3. Verify the charges of both components to make sure that the atom is neutral • 4. Modify the proportions of each is necessary

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