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FDR and the Second World War

FDR and the Second World War. Election of 1940. Franklin Roosevelt (D) 54.6% Wendell Wilkie (R-IN) 44.8%. Isolationist Sentiment of the 1930s. Nye Commission Report (1934-1936) 93 Senate Hearings led by Gerald Nye (ND-R)

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FDR and the Second World War

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  1. FDR and the Second World War

  2. Election of 1940 Franklin Roosevelt (D) 54.6% Wendell Wilkie (R-IN) 44.8%

  3. Isolationist Sentiment of the 1930s • Nye Commission Report (1934-1936)93 Senate Hearings led by Gerald Nye (ND-R) Concluded industry and banks were “Merchants of Death”(Senate History)

  4. The Crisis in Europe and Africa(W W II timeline) • Vesailles Treaty (1920) • Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf(1925) • Hitler becomes Germany’s Chancellor (January 30, 1933) • Reichstag Burns (February 1933) • First “convicts” sent to German concentration camps (March 1933) • Enabling Act give Hitler dictatorial power (March 1933) • Italy invades Ethiopia (1935) • Germany and Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact, directed against the Soviet Union and the international Communist movement (1936) • Kristallnacht (Nov. 9, 1938)

  5. The Crisis in the Pacific • Japan invades Manchuria (1931) • Japan signs Anti-Comintern Pact with Germany (1936) • Japan invades China (1937) and sparks “The Rape of Nanking” • Japan invades French Indochina (1940) • U.S. State Department places sanctions against importing oil to Japan

  6. Anti-War Sentiment America First Committee • Charles Lindbergh (speech 1941) • Henry Ford Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (Jane Addams won Nobel Peace Prize in 1932) Religious Pacifists---

  7. Move Toward War • Neutrality Acts (1935-1939)FDR pleas with Congress to repeal embargo provisions 9/21/1939 • Selective Service Act (1940) (1st drawing) • Lend Lease Act (March 1941) • Congress repeals all Neutrality Acts (November 1941)

  8. Interventionist Films • Sgt. York • Casablanca

  9. Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941 • A good scene from a very bad filmhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv1niwxQgoY

  10. Frank Capra—Why Why We Fight • Frank Capra’s documentary:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yBUKRAE2O9c&feature=related • Part II on Japanhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNI4LBnMuzk&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwDdN4nguO0&feature=related

  11. D-Day, June 6, 1944 • Operation Overlord U.S. Army videohttp://www.army.mil/d-day/ Rare color film footagehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvZCDfhoNxA&feature=related

  12. So much more and so little time…. • Iwo Jima (February 1945) and Okinawa (April-June 1945) • Bataan Death March (1942) • Roosevelt re-elected to 4th term (1944) • Manhattan Project (1941-1945) • Yalta Conference (February, 1945) • Franklin Roosevelt Dies (April 12, 1945) and Harry S. Truman become president • Adolf Hitler dies (April 30, 1945) • Germany surrenders (May, 1945) • Potsdam Conference (June 1945) • Enola Gay (Hiroshima August 6, 1945, Nagasaki August 9, 1945) • Japan Surrenders, (September, 1945) no need for “Operation Downfall”

  13. Mobilizing for Total War • U.S. Declares war on Japan, December 8, 1941 • Germany and Italy declare war on the United States, December 11, 1941 • U.S. Declares war on the Axis Powers (Germany and Italy), December 11, 1941

  14. U.S. Homefront • U.S. Government takes lessons from The New Deal and WW I to mobilize for total war • War Production Board • War Manpower Commission • Office of Price Administration • Office of War Mobilization (including Office of War Information)

  15. Massive innovation • For example, in 1941 it took 6 months to produce a liberty-class ship. In 1943 Henry Kaiser developed a prefabrication technique that lowered production time to less than 2 weeks. • By 1945 it was down to 1 day • Costs: work was a dangerous place37,600 killed on the job and 200,000 disabled in the first 2 years of the war

  16. Liberty Ship

  17. Executive Orders of Note: • Executive Order #8802, June 25, 1941http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=16134 • Executive Order #9066, February 19, 1942http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=61698FDR Library piece on the Internment of Japanese Americanshttp://parelorentzcenter.net/tube_view.php?id=61&lib_id=366

  18. Social, Economic, and Political Change • Ended the Great Depression (including some New Deal programs) • Unemployment was 14% in 1941 and less than 2% (0%) in 1943 • Sped changing gender roles • Shifted opportunities for minority groups • Sped onset of the post-war Baby Boom

  19. Rosie the Riveter

  20. United? Zoot Suit Riots (1943)

  21. Willow Run, Michigan

  22. FDR and the Four Freedoms • FDR Library Presentation on the Four Freedomshttp://parelorentzcenter.net/tube_view.php?id=57&lib_id=366

  23. Consequences of the War? • United Nations • New attitudes toward human rights and civil rights (Nuremberg Trials and War Crimes Trials in Japan) • Foreshadowing on the Cold War • Nuclear World • 600,000 Americans died50,000,000 – 70,000,000 deaths worldwide

  24. Was it the Good War?

  25. Legacies of the Age of FDR?

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