Launching the Nation

1. Launching the Nation The United States after the Constitution

2. Washington Leads a New Nation

3. F.O.A. (Bellwork) Name the first three presidents of the United States. What is the electoral college?

4. F.O.A. (Bellwork) answers George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson A body of electors who represent the people’s vote in choosing a president.

5. 2012 Electoral College results

6. EQs What are some of the precedents set by George Washington during his term in office? (8.6 spi 1) Who were the first five presidents, what years were each of them in office, and what was one major accomplishment for each of the five men? (8.6 spi 1) How do taxes affect an economy? (8.2 spi 5)

7. This week Today: Chapter 7, Section 1 notes Tomorrow: Brainpop; Write a letter to George Washington Wednesday: Comparing Jefferson, Hamilton Thursday: Quiz over Chapter 7, Section 1; Library powerpoint Friday: Library day

8. “It’s gotta be you, George. . .” • The American people believed in GW • Gouverneur Morris to Washington: • “Should the idea prevail that you will not accept the presidency, it should prove fatal to the new government. Of all men, you are best fitted to fill that office.”

9. The “Precedent President” • Precedent: An action or decision that serves later as an example • Everything GW did would be an example to every president after him

10. First Precedent

11. The President’s Cabinet Hamilton – Sec. of Treasury Jefferson – Sec. of State Washington • Group of advisors to the President

12. First Capital City

13. Homework Have your parents sign the test. I’ll let you make corrections in CORE for half credit. Read Chapter 7, Section 1 (pages 234-237). Answer 1-3 on page 237.

14. Why NYC??? • One of two cities in 1790 that had population of over 25,000 (Philadelphia) • 8,175,133 in 2010 • Most people lived in rural towns or countrysides • Wall Street • Center of economic activity for the states

15. “Mo’ Money, Mo’ Problems” - Diddy U.S. Debts to Foreign Nations: $11.7 million U.S. Debts to American Citizens: $40.4 million One of GW’s biggest problems was paying off the debt from the Rev. War This was where Hamilton came in

16. America’s debt was so high because it had borrowed money from other countries and it had sold bonds to American citizens.

17. Bonds are certificates that you buy in order for the gov’t to raise money They will buy it back at a higher rate Gov’t couldn’t afford this at first; many sold their bonds to speculators

18. Hamilton wanted to also pay off some of the states’ debt for the war But many Southern states didn’t want him to; they didn’t want their money spent on other states Thomas Jefferson gets irritated with Hamilton “This is VIRGINIA!”

19. New Capital City In order to please the Southern states, Hamilton convinced GW to move the capital city to. . .

20. Jefferson vs. Hamilton Jefferson and Hamilton didn’t get along Had too many different views Jefferson on Hamilton: “Bewitched & perverted. . .under conviction that corruption was essential to government.”

21. Their Differences. . . Mainly economical Hamilton favored industry; Jefferson favored agriculture Hamilton wanted high tariffs; Jefferson not so much As far as interpreting the Constitution, Hamilton was a loose constructionist; Jefferson was a strict constructionist

22. National Bank, anyone? Hamilton desired a national bank that the government could keep its money in Make loans to businesses; also create a mint Said the elastic clause allowed the gov’t to create one Jefferson disagreed; argued that Hamilton was overstepping

23. Despite Jefferson’s protest, GW agreed with Hamilton 1791 – The Bank of the United States is created

24. More Challenges for GW French Revolution (1789)

25. French people rebelled against King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette Got their heads chopped off

26. Staying Neutral The French had helped the U.S. during the Rev. War After the French Rev., France went to war with England Wanted the U.S. to help; GW says no GW’s Neutrality Proclamation said the U.S. wouldn’t pick sides (stay neutral) France begins trying to get U.S. ships to fight with them against Britain

27. The French Question Not everyone liked GW’s neutrality Some wanted to help the French Others wanted to help the British

28. Other Problems The British were seizing U.S. ships and helping the Indians fight the American settlers Jay’s Treaty – Settled disputes between Britain and the U.S., but not everyone happy The Spanish had closed the MS River port of New Orleans Pinckney’s Treaty – Reopened NOLA and set U.S. southern boundary at 31° N latitude

30. Problems at Home Whiskey Rebellion

31. In order to pay off national debts, a tax was placed on all American whiskey People in western Pennsylvania were upset Already mad because the gov’t couldn’t protect them from Indian attacks Most only produced small amounts of whiskey and couldn’t afford the tax

32. Protests started peacefully, but soon got violent GW leads an army of 13,000 soldiers to put down the rebellion Only president to ever personally lead an army Rebels run away like little girls

33. GW’s Last Precedent After his second term, he leaves office In his “Farewell Address” he warns: That the U.S. should remain neutral at all costs Against the dangers of political parties Against borrowing large amounts of money and gaining even more debt

34. But They Didn’t Listen. . . American politics had already begun to split into two distinct parties Sort of like today

35. Republican Party Today • - Lower taxes (in most cases) • More conservative on social issues like abortion, same-sex marriage, etc. (usually) • Smaller government that does only what is needed (usually)

36. Democratic Party Today • Favor higher taxes • Most, but not all, tend to be liberal on social issues • Large government needed to protect the rights and freedoms of the people

37. Back Then, Though. . . The two parties that emerged called themselves: Federalists (Big Bicep) Republicans (Tiny Bicep) Most parties were based on where people lived Urban cities supported Federalists more Rural farmers supported Republicans more

38. Election of 1796 John Adams (Fed) defeats Jefferson (Rep) Jefferson becomes Vice President Adams not a likely candidate for President

39. The XYZ Affair Remember, France and the U.S. are beefin’ Adams’ first goal as President was to improve relations with France Sent several diplomats over to France to smooth things over

40. One Major Problem, Though. . . U.S. diplomats are told that the French Foreign Minister won’t meet with them unless: They give him a $250,000 bribe They give France a $12,000,000 loan

41. The Result Adams reported what happened to Congress Instead of giving names of the French diplomats who asked for the bribes, he labels them X, Y, and Z American people are absolutely irate (mad)

42. Most Americans wanted war with France, but Adams didn’t Asked for a peacetime army from Congress France and U.S. sign a treaty for peace eventually Many people, including Federalists, begin insulting Adams in the press

43. In Response to the Insults Adams passes the Alien & Sedition Acts Made it illegal to criticize the President Republicans hated these acts because they felt they violated free-speech (and they were right) These acts would cost Adams in the 1800 election