Company Structure (continuous)

1. Company Structure (continuous) English Department, Huzhou Teachers College

2. Objectives • 1)To enable students to talk about company structure. • 2) To know three major kinds of company structures, their corresponding advantages and disadvantages. • 3) To practise reading for specific information. • 4) To review the past simple, present perfect simple and present perfect continuous. • To realize the writing in BEC higher.

3. Tasks and schemes • 1)Check 8’ • 2)Speaking 57’ • 3) Writing. 15’ • 4) Exam practice. 10’

4. Speaking (on page 12) Commute • To travel as a commuter; To travel regularly a long distance between one’s home and work, especially by train : • 通勤：作为长期车票使用者旅行 • She commutes from Cambridge to London every day. • 通勤路程：经常往来的动作或例子，尤指通勤者的旅行：

5. a 22-mile commute; • 二十二英里的通勤路程； • an easy commute; • 轻松的通勤路程 • To change (a penalty, debt, or payment) to a less severe one: 减刑：改变（刑罚、债务或支付）到较轻的程度 • His punishment was commuted from death to life imprisonment by the judge.

6. Q4 What do you see as the potential benefits to you of home-based working? • A win-win strategy because it increases efficiency • Cut the time it takes traveling to the office • Save money by not commuting

7. Have flexible management of time and work • Be more relaxing • Be less stressful • Have more time with families • Be safer with reduced incidents of traffic accidents

8. Other important factors to influence on home-based working.（reading the questionnaire on page 12） • Are you a self-disciplined person? • Could you stay motivated without the support of colleagues? • Is your home equipped with necessary Internet facilities（such as wide-band）? • Is your home environment suitable for home-based working?

9. To review the past simple, present perfect simple and present perfect continuous. • The uses of the past simple • To refer to actions started and finished in the past. • Why did BT decide to introduce Options 2000? • To refer to a definite time in the past • Well, we started looking at flexible working back in 1993. • The uses of present perfect simple • To refer to actions started in the past but unfinished. • The company’s been organized around business units for some time now.

10. To refer to an indefinite time in the past. • We’ve invested a lot of time and money. • To refer to past action with present consequences. • What effect has this had on company structure? • To refer to recent actions. • In fact, we have just implemented a new training program.

11. The uses of present perfect continuous. • To refer to actions started in the past and continuing into the future. • They’ve been working a lot longer days. • To refer to repeated or continuous actions tin the past with present consequences. • We’ve been developing a project-orientated culture so people are now paid for what they actually do.

12. The fundamental differences between the three forms. • The past simple is used to talk about completed actions and facts related to past time. Both forms of the present perfect contain the idea of a link between past and present time and in some cases it is possible to use either form. • He’s worked here for three years. • He’s been working here for three years.

13. However, there is a difference in emphasis between the two: the present perfect simple focuses on the completion or result of an activity （the product） whereas the present perfect continuous focuses on the continuity of an activity（the process） . • I’ve written the sales report. • I’ve been writing letters. • The continuous form of the present perfect is not possible with certain verbs. • The new manager has arrived. √ • The new manager has been arriving. ×