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Paris: Capital of the 19th century

Paris: Capital of the 19th century. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative France as center of European art and artisanship. State sponsorship Artisanal economy consumption. The Contentious French. 1789 1830 “the July Revolution” and the “July Monarchy”

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Paris: Capital of the 19th century

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  1. Paris: Capital of the 19th century

  2. “Academic art” and Modernism’s (self justifying) narrative • France as center of European art and artisanship. • State sponsorship • Artisanal economy • consumption

  3. The Contentious French • 1789 • 1830 “the July Revolution” and the “July Monarchy” • 1848 Second Republic • 1852-1870 Second Empire • 1870 The Paris Commune • 1870 The Third Republic

  4. The Bourbon monarchy • Absolutism • The academies • Taste and power

  5. The Bourbon Monarchy Louis 14 (1643-1715) Hyacinthe Rigaud, Portrait of Louis 14, 1701

  6. Versailles (1680s)

  7. Versailles: Galérie des glaces and French artisanship

  8. Louis 16 (1774-1792) • Would absolutism survive? • Causes of the revolution • Debt • Privilege • Reform • From fiscal to constitutional crisis

  9. Revolution #1 (1789-1815) • 1789; popular uprising and constitutional change • 1791-2: the constitution unravels • 1792: war. Monarchy overthrown. The 1st republic

  10. June, 1789: Tennis Court Oath

  11. July, 1789: Fall of the Bastille

  12. 1791-2: the constitution unravels • 1792: war. Monarchy overthrown. The 1st republic • 1792-1794 Terror. Civil war. European war. • Thermidor (July, 1794) • 1795-1799 The Directory

  13. Execution of Louis 16 (Jan, 1793)

  14. Napoleon’s rise • 1793 serves under the Terror • 1795 on serves under the Directory • 1799 overthrows the Directory • 1804 ends the 1st republic; proclaims Empire

  15. Under the Directory: The Italian campaignsDavid, Napoleon Crossing the St. Bernard Pass

  16. Jacques Louis David, The Coronation of Napoleon (December 2, 1804)

  17. Napoleon’s legacies • War and empire • Global ramifications • Law • Institutional stability • Jacques-Louis David, Napoleon in his study (1812)

  18. Napoleon’s “orientalist” legacy: • 1798 Invasion of Egypt • Description de l’Egypte • Luxor Temple • Rosetta Stone

  19. 1814-1815 Congress of Vienna • The Restoration: Louis 18, then Charles 10 • 1830: The July Revolution “three glorious days” • Chas overthrown, crown goes to Louis Philippe, duc d’Orléans

  20. Delacroix Liberty Leading the People

  21. Louis Philippe, King of the French (1830-1848)

  22. Place Louis 16, 1829

  23. Building the Place de la Concorde, 1830s

  24. Daumier, Le Ventre Legislatif

  25. Louis Philippe’s star wanes the pear king (poire= nitwit)

  26. 1848: Revolution again • Causes: political exclusivity, working-class unrest, European-wide economic crisis of 1840s • The Second Republic (1848-1852) • Polarization and bloodshed: the June Days, 1848

  27. From Second Republic to Second Empire • Presidential elections, 1848 • Louis Napoleon Bonaparte • 1851 : “Rubicon” declares 10 yr term • 1852 declares 2nd Empire • Verdicts: • Karl Marx: history repeats itself, 1st as tragedy, 2nd as farce • Alexis de Tocqueville, The Ancien Regime and the Revolution

  28. Napoleon III, Baron Haussmann, and the rebuilding of Paris

  29. Haussmann’s new streets

  30. Street clearance for the Opéra

  31. The Opéra

  32. 1870: Franco Prussian War, LNB defeated. • 1870: 3rd Republic declared • 1870-1871 Paris Commune • May, 1871 - la semaine sanglante (bloody week) - repression of the Commune.

  33. Manet, Café concert

  34. Degas, Chanteuse au gant1877

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