Team Kaizen

1. Team Kaizen Jiahui Zhao Erica Wilson Heather Smallwood Jen Olson Ritu Mandal Kerryn Kletter John Graves Tom Graf Johns Hopkins University Self as a Agent of Change: Individuals, Groups, and Organizations November 27, 2006

2. Organizational Development and Teams Past, Present, and Future

3. Worked in Los Angeles, returning to England two months before his death in 1979 Rose to president of the British Psycho-Analytical Society Painful childhood memories provided insight into human nature Sent to broad school in London and never returned to India His attention was directed to the study of group processes, the most influential book is Experiences in Groups Rose to the position of Director of the London Clinic of Psycho-Analysis Awarded the DSO and the legion of Honor Born in 1897 in India to British Parents Studied history at Queen's College, Oxford and then studied medicine at University College, London Served in France as a tank commander 1979 1940s WWI 1897 1956 1968 1961 1962 Wilfed Bion -- Biography Wilfred Ruprecht Bion(1897-1979): well known psychoanalyst

4. Book Title : Experiences in Groups Author : W. R. Bion Tavistock Publications Limited (1961) The Work group The Basic Assumption group Dependency Flight-fight Pairing Wilfred Bion – the Past

5. Key Elements of Bion’s Experiences in Groups 1 … Group mental life is essential to the full life of the individual, quite apart from temporary or specific need, and that satisfaction of this has to be sought through membership of a group. (Bion 1961,p54) 2 ..It takes some time………….group is an end in itself. (p.63). Rational work of task accomplishment and emotional life of group are in conflict and that groups are always involved in managing this duality. 3. Groups can be engaged in two kinds of mental activities simultaneously; the work group and the basic assumption group. 4. Bion assumed human behavior in groups to be organized in part to adapt to reality requirement and in part to ward off fear of fragmentation. 5. Bion conceptualized a group mentality as the pool in which anonymous contributions are made and through which the impulses and desires implicit in these contributions are gratified. ( p50) 6. “Through silence and often without awareness we give support to initiatives, thereby ………..by doing nothing.” (p58) All members of the group are responsible for the behavior of the group. 7. Bion conceived group culture as resulting from conflict between the desires of the individual and group mentality. 8. Bion reserved the word cooperation for conscious or unconscious working with the rest of the group work (p.116) For the …. “Capacity for spontaneous instinctive cooperation in the basic assumptions,” he used the word Valency.

6. The Questions Left Unanswered • What consultative/leadership stance is most effective? • What kind of leadership enables a group to manage its basic assumption activity? • What forces move a group from one basic assumption mode to another?

7. Alan Drexler – the Present • Biography • Ph.D. from Purdue University • Began consulting in 1970 • Professional Lecturer at American University • Team Performance Model

8. Alan Drexler – The Present

9. Bion and Drexler Comparison Work Group Basic Assumption Group Basic Assumption Group Creating Constrains Sustaining

10. What will the teams look like in the future?Will Bion and Drexler still apply?

11. Upcoming Talent Shortage • The Intangible assets (Knowledge, Intellectual property, Skilled workforce) of American public companies has risen from 20% in 1980 to 70% today. (Accenture Survey) • Fortune 500 companies will lose half of their senior managers in next 5 years. Everyone will have to fight harder for young talent and learn to engage new talent. (RHR International, Economist October 2006). • The richer countries are relaxing immigration laws and actively luring highly qualified people. Singapore has established an International Talent Division in their Ministry of Manpower. (Economist, October2006) • The Yankee group estimates that over 2300 global companies have adopted talent–management technology and this technology market will double by 2009. • In India IT sector, wage inflation is 16% a year and turnover is 40%. NASSCOM predicts an India IT sector shortfall of 500,000 jobs by 2010. GE Capital has posted a sign in its office “WARNING: Trespassers will be recruited”.

12. Retiring baby boomers Generation "Y" Competition for talent New practices and technology Factors driving dramatic change

13. Emerging Practices and Technologies • Virtual Teams • Group of individuals who work across time, space, and organizational boundaries • Gartner Group says that by 2008, 41 million corporate employees will operate in a virtual workplace at least one day per week • Collaborative Technologies • Groupware divided into three categories -- communicationtools, conferencing tools and collaborative management tools. • Flexibility, cost savings, knowledge management, asynchronous participation If it’s all the same to you, chief, I’d like to work from home tomorrow.

14. Emerging Practices and Technologies • Living a “Second Life” • Multiplayer virtual world – a user-defined world in which people can interact, play, do business, and otherwise communicate • Has attracted "real world" investment

15. Teams of the Future What will teams look like in the future? Will Bion and Drexler still apply? The future is already here, it is just not evenly distributed. --William Gibson

16. Teams of the Future Exercise

17. Exercise Debrief and Conclusion

18. Q&A