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BACTERIA

Learn about bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, their diseases, and transmission methods. Explore the chain of infection and how to break it as a healthcare professional.

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BACTERIA

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  1. BACTERIA SIMPLE ONE-CELLED ANIMAL

  2. LISTERIA BACTERIA

  3. COCCI • ROUND OR SPHERICAL IN SHAPE

  4. DIPLCOCCI • COCCI OCCURS IN PAIRS • DISEASES • GONORRHEA • MENINGITIS • PNEUMONIA

  5. STREPTOCOCCI • COCCI OCCURS IN A CHAIN • DISEASES • SEVERE SORE THROAT • RHEUMATIC FEVER

  6. STAPHYOLCOCCI • COCCI OCCUR IN CLUSTERS OR GROUPS • INFECTIONS • BOILS • WOUND INFECTIONS • TOXIC SHOCK

  7. BACILLI • ROD SHAPED • SINGLES, PAIRS OR IN CHAINS • FLAGELLA • SPORES • DISEASES • TB • TETANUS, DIPTHERIA AND TYPHOID

  8. Anthracis Spores 1

  9. Anthracis Vegetative cells in monkey spleen

  10. Anthracis spore 2

  11. Anthracis vegetative cells and spores

  12. SPIRILLA • SPIRAL OR CORKSCREW • COMMA-SHAPED VIBRIO • CORKSCREW SPIROCHETE • Diseases • syphilis • cholera

  13. PROTOZOA ONE CELLED ANIMAL

  14. PROTOZOA • ONE CELLED ANIMAL • FOUND IN DECAYED MATERIALS AND CONTAMINATED WATER • SOME ARE PATHOGENIC AND CAUSE DISEASE

  15. PROTOZOA DISEASE • MALARIA, • AMEBIC DYSENTERY • TRICHOMONAS • AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS

  16. FUNGUS SIMPLE , PLANTLIKE ORGANISMS LIVE ON DEAD ORGANIC MATERIAL Yeasts Molds

  17. FUNGAL DISEASES • RINGWORM • ATHELETE’S FOOT • VAGINITIS • THRUSH • HISTOPLASMOSIS

  18. THRUSH

  19. RICKETTSIAE • PARASITIC MICROORGANISMS • CANNOT LIVE OUTSIDE THE CELLS OF ANOTHER LIVING ORGANISM • FOUND IN FLEAS,LICE, TICKS, AND MITES • TRANSMITTED TO HUMANS FROM BITE FROM THESE INSECTS

  20. RICKETTSIAEL DISEASES • TYPHUS FEVER • ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER

  21. VIRUSES SMALLEST OF MICROORGANISMS CANNOT REPRODUCE UNLESS THEY ARE INSIDE ANOTHER LIVING CELL SPREAD FROM HUMAN TO HUMAN THROUGH BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS

  22. HEPATITIS B AIDS COMMON COLD MEASLES MUMPS CHICKEN POX WARTS HERPES POLIO INFLUENZA VIRAL DISEASES

  23. FACTORS REQUIRED FOR GROWTH • WARM ENVIRONMENT • DARKNESS • SOURCE OF FOOD AND MOISTURE • OXYGEN • AEROBIC ORGANISM • REQUIRES OXYGEN TO LIVE • ANEROBIC ORGANISM • LIVES AND REPRODUCES IN ABSENCE OF OXYGEN

  24. HOW DO PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS CAUSE INFECTION AND DISEASE • Produce poisons called toxins • bacillus tetanus • toxin that damages the CNS • allergic reaction • runny nose, watery eyes, sneezing • attack and destroy living cells • protozoa - malaria • rbc rupture

  25. CLASSIFICATONS OF DISEASES AND INFECTIONS • ENDOGENOUS • EXOGENOUS • NOSOCOMIAL • OPPORTUNISTIC

  26. CHAIN OF INFECTION • factors that must exist for disease to occur and spread • CAUSATIVE AGENT • RESERVOIR • PORTAL OF EXIT • MEANS OF TRANSMISSION • PORTAL OF ENTRY • SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

  27. The Chain of Infection

  28. As healthcare professionals, it is important tounderstand two facts about infection:

  29. The various ways infection can be transmitted. 2.The ways the infection chain can be broken.

  30. There are six links in the chain of infection:

  31. 1st - The Infectious Agent - Any disease-causing microorganism (pathogen)

  32. The Chain of Infection Infectious Agent

  33. 2nd - The Reservoir Host -The organism in which the infectious microbes reside

  34. The Chain of Infection Infectious Agent Reservoir Host

  35. What are “Carrier Hosts?” Hosts that do not show any outward signs or symptoms of a disease, but are still capable of transmitting the disease are known as carriers.

  36. 3rd - The Portal of Exit -Route of escape of the pathogen from the reservoir Examples: respiratory secretions, blood exposure, breaks in skin

  37. The Chain of Infection Infectious Agent Reservoir Host Portal of Exit

  38. 4th - The Route of Transmission -Method by which the pathogen gets from the reservoir to the new host

  39. The Chain of Infection Infectious Agent Reservoir Host Portal of Exit Mode of Transmission

  40. Transmission may occur through: Direct Contact

  41. Air

  42. Insects

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